Protective and therapeutic effects of swimming exercise training on diabetic peripheral neuropathy of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Selagzi, H.; Büyükakıllı, Belgin; Çimen, Burak; Yılmaz, Nejat; Erdoğan, Semra

doi:10.1007/bf03345634

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, in the present study, a rapid increase in body weight was observed in the control groups (C-Ex1 and C-Sed); this was associated with overeating after exercise training. The slow increase in body weight shown by the 2 diabetic exercise groups was considered to be related to the body condition of the diabetic rats being improved by exercise, in agreement with the results reported by Selagzi et al (4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Selagzi et al reported that swimming training for 8 weeks restored compound muscle action potential latency and prevented myelin damage (4). In the present study, it was found that starting an exercise program 8 weeks prior to the occurrence of diabetic neuropathy effec- tively prevented a decrease in the caudal NCV in diabetic rats (D-Ex1).…”

Section: Caudal Ncv (M/s) -------------------------------------------supporting

confidence: 60%

“…Tesfaye et al showed that conduction velocity significantly increased after exercise in normal subjects (5). Selagzi et al found that exercise training significantly increased the compound muscle action potential amplitude and decreased motor latency in diabetic rats (4). However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in exersise improving nerve dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle NT-3 levels increased by exercise training contribute to the improvement in caudal nerve conduction velocity in diabetic rats

Zhang

et al. 2012

Mol Med Report

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of exercise in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and the mechanisms involved. For this purpose, 31 male SpragueDawley rats were used. The rats were assigned to 5 groups: diabetic rats subjected to exercise training (swimming) for 8 weeks (D-Ex1 group), diabetic rats subjected to exercise training for 4 weeks after 4 weeks of being sedentary (D-Ex2 group), diabetic rats which remained sedentary for 8 weeks (D-Sed group), control rats subjected to exercise training for 8 weeks (C-Ex1 group) and control rats which remained sedentary for 8 weeks (C-Sed group). Blood glucose levels and caudal nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were evaluated at 0 (baseline), 28 (4 weeks) and 56 days (8 weeks) after the induction of diabetes. The levels of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in skeletal muscle were measured by ELISA at the end of the experiment. Blood glucose levels in the D-Ex1 group rats decreased significantly after 8 weeks of exercise. The caudal NCV markedly decreased in all diabetic rats and significantly increased after 4 or 8 weeks of exercise training. Muscle NT-3 levels were significantly lower in the D-Sed compared to the 4 other groups. Muscle NT-3 levels positively correlated with caudal NCV. In conclusion, swimming training has a beneficial effect on DPN and muscle NT-3 levels, which could help improve caudal NCV in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. IntroductionDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and is responsible for 50-75% of non-traumatic amputations in developed countries (1,2). The streptozotocin (STZ) model is widely used to investigate experimental DPN (3). Abnormal nerve conduction is an early feature of diabetic nerve damage (4). Tesfaye et al showed that conduction velocity significantly increased after exercise in normal subjects (5). Selagzi et al found that exercise training significantly increased the compound muscle action potential amplitude and decreased motor latency in diabetic rats (4). However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in exersise improving nerve dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic rats.Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is a type of neurotrophic factor that comprises a heterogeneous group of molecules produced by neurons, Schwann cells and end organs in the central and peripheral nervous system (PNS). In adults, neurotrophins of the PNS are synthesized in and released from target tissues. Skeletal muscles are such target tissues and produce neurotrophins. NT-3 plays a crucial role in mediating central nervous system plasticity and regeneration in the spinal cord and muscle. Short-term STZ-induced diabetes causes a reduction in muscle NT-3 mRNA and protein expression, which leads to a decreased retrograde axonal transport of NT-3 to the neuronal cell body and consequent sub-optimal neurotrophic support (6). Previous studies have shown that the continuous production of NT-3 by the latency-associated promoter 2 (LAP2)-driven expression of the transgene from a herpes simple...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Caudal Ncv (M/s) -------------------------------------------supporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle NT-3 levels increased by exercise training contribute to the improvement in caudal nerve conduction velocity in diabetic rats

Zhang

et al. 2012

Mol Med Report

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“…20,21 The importance of examining the effects of training on the right vagus nerve resides on the fact that the right vagus nerve innervates mainly the sinoatrial node which is of particular interest in regard to heart rate control during training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endurance training induces structural and morphoquantitative changes in rat vagus nerve

Pianca

Neto

Pithon‐Curi

et al. 2015

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Many nervous system tissues and cells suffers positive changes when faced to exercise training. However, data on vagus nerve adaptation from exercise-induced study is absent. Objective: To analyze the effect of an endurance training on the vagus nerve morphology of rats. Methods: Wistar rats (6 months of age) were divided into two groups: control group (CG, n=8), and aerobic trained group (AT, n=8). AT was submitted to a treadmill training program of five times per week during 12 weeks. The maximum speed stipulated in the training protocol corresponded to 60% of the mean maximum intensity achieved by the group in the test of maximum effort. Results: Twelve weeks of treadmill training resulted in left ventricular hypertrophy in the AT group compared to CG. There was a significant increase in the area of both the myelinated and unmyelinated axons, and in the area of myelin sheath with training. The number of neurotubules and neurofilaments in myelinated fibers of aerobic trained group was significantly greater than CG (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Endurance training promoted significant increase in morphometric parameters of the vagus nerve in the same way it affect somatic nerves.

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“…Patients with DPN who exercise regularly experience significant improvements in electrophysiological deficits and neuropathic symptoms, which is accompanied with increases in intraepidermal nerve fiber branching (Fisher et al, 2007;Hung et al, 2009;Kluding et al, 2012). In diabetic animals, exercise prevents myelin damage and attenuates changes in voltage-gated Ca 2ϩ channel function, thereby ameliorating electrophysiological deficits that occur in DPN (Selagzi et al, 2008;Shankarappa et al, 2011). In addition, exercise can increase expression of Hsp70 (Paulsen et al, 2007;Ogata et al, 2009).…”

Section: E Exercise As a Nonpharmacological Therapy For Dpnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Should a Chaperone Accompany Our Therapeutic Approach?

Farmer

Dobrowsky

2012

Pharmacological Reviews

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Protective and therapeutic effects of swimming exercise training on diabetic peripheral neuropathy of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract: This study suggests that swimming exercise training has protective and therapeutic effects on DPN of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Muscle NT-3 levels increased by exercise training contribute to the improvement in caudal nerve conduction velocity in diabetic rats

Muscle NT-3 levels increased by exercise training contribute to the improvement in caudal nerve conduction velocity in diabetic rats

Endurance training induces structural and morphoquantitative changes in rat vagus nerve

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Should a Chaperone Accompany Our Therapeutic Approach?

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