Protective and therapeutic impact of taurine on some biochemical, immunological and histological parameters in diabetic rats

Abstract

Background: Taurine is a non protein amino acid found in most animal tissues. It is a powerful antioxidant which shares in combating the harmful effect of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), associated to many chronic diseases as diabetes mellitus (DM). The disease is characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders in the body that leads to the release of ROS in the cells. Methods: The present work evaluates the biochemical and immunological role of taurine (500 mg/kg bwt) in ameliorating diabetes harm in rats when compared to the effect of the antidiabetic drug (amaryl). Six groups were established for the experiment. Group1: control rats without any supplementations. Group 2 : diabetic non treated rats. Group 3: rats received taurine for three weeks. Group 4: rats were supplemented with taurine for three weeks then injected streptozotocin (STZ) (prophylactic gp). Group 5: rats were injected with STZ then supplemented with taurine for four weeks (therapeutic gp). Group 6: rats were injected STZ then treated with amaryl drug for four weeks. Serum glucose and insulin levels in addition to liver function enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme were determined. ROS effect was monitored in liver tissue by detecting malondialdhyde resulting from lipid peroxidation and detecting glutathione reductase enzyme activity. With respect to the immunological responses, the thymocytes and splenocytes numbers were counted besides measuring serum IgG level. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed in pancreatic sections. Results: showed the ability of taurine in decreasing glucose level and increasing insulin with the same efficacy as amaryl drug besides affecting liver enzymes and improving the antioxidant system in cells. Taurine also restored the decrease in mean number of thymocytes and splenocytes caused by DM. Sera IgG levels from pre-and post-treatment with taurine showed non significant increase compared to the diabetic non treated group. Conclusion: post-treatment supplemention of taurine is recommended for T2DM.

Comparison between Fibroscan and Serum Taurine for Early Diagnosis of Liver Fibrosis in Egyptian Patients Infected with HCV

“…The hepatic cell membrane can automatically repair after alcohol withdrawal if the damage is not serious, while taurine accelerates the repair of hepatic cells, decreasing membrane permeability and inhibiting the release of ALT and AST and improve the serum levels bilirubin [29,41]. Moreover, taurine supplementation also could downregulate these granulomatous and fibrogenic mediators in the liver of S. japonicum -infected mice which further confirmed the anti-granulomatous and anti-fibrotic effects of taurine during S. japonicum infection [42].…”

“…In acute liver disease model in a rat induced by a single administration of CCl 4 , showed that taurine treatment prevented hepatocellular necrosis, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial abnormalities. Moreover, taurine also inhibits the transformation of HSCs induced by CCl 4 observed by electron microscopy [29]. Taurine significantly decreased hepatic fibrosis and fibrogenesis of isolated hepatic stellate cells, which are converted to myofibroblasts by oxidative stress in cirrhotic liver, through inhibition of transforming growth factor-β expression.…”

“…Tau also could prevent the development of ameliorates glycemia, the action of insulin, and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [28]. Another study showed that post-treatment supplemention of taurine is recommended for T2DM [29].…”

The Effects of TRX Suspension Training Combined with Taurine Supplementation on Body Composition, Glycemic and Lipid Markers in Women with Type 2 Diabetes

“…Most of the studies related to taurine supplementation and its effects on diabetic outcomes were conducted in animal models, which showed its effectiveness in improving glycemic markers (e.g., FBS, insulin, hemoglobin A1C, etc.) [26][27][28][29][30]. These beneficial effects have also recently been reported in humans, as Maleki et al showed an improvement in glycemic and lipid markers in 23 Iranian patients with T2D after eight weeks of taurine supplementation [31].…”

Impact of Supplementary Amino Acids, Micronutrients, and Overall Diet on Glutathione Homeostasis

“…Effects of taurine on the enzymes GPx and GR have been evaluated in both rodent and human studies. Taurine supplementation recovered hepatic GR activity in diabetic rats [114], whereas hepatic GPx levels remained unaltered by taurine supplementation in type I and type II diabetic mice [105]. However, when young adults were orally supplemented with taurine (50 mg/kg for 2 weeks) after performing eccentric exercise, RBC GPx levels were elevated [115].…”