Protective and toxic effects of vitamin D on vascular calcification: Clinical implications

Zittermann, Armin; Köerfer, Reiner

doi:10.1016/j.mam.2008.04.002

Cited by 88 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, several protective factors, such as matrix Gla protein, osteopontin, osteoprotegerin and collagen IV are able to inhibit vascular calcification. 16 There are also non-calciotropic mechanisms, which may explain the association between vitamin D and arterial stiffness: calcitriol probably directly modulates the vascular smooth muscle cell production 17 and reduces the adverse impact of advanced glycation end-products on vascular aging. 18 There are only few clinical studies dealing with the association between vitamin D and large artery properties, and most of them were done in patients with end-stage renal disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased aortic stiffness

et al. 2011

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There is accumulating evidence that vitamin D exerts important pathophysiological effects on cardiovascular system. Low vitamin D was associated with increased cardiovascular risk in several reports. We studied the association between vitamin D and arterial stiffness in a random sample of 560 subjects selected from general population. Arterial stiffness was measured as aortic pulse-wave velocity (PWV) using Sphygmocor device. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using commercial kits. We found a clear negative trend in aortic PWV among 25(OH)D quartiles. Subjects in the bottom 25(OH)D quartile (o20 ng ml À1 ) showed the highest aortic PWV (9.04 m s À1 ), compared with 2nd-4th quartile (8.07 m s À1 , 7.93 m s À1 and 7.70 m s À1 , respectively; P for trend o0.0001). The association between 25(OH)D and aortic PWV remained significant after adjustment for age, gender and other potential confounders; subjects in the first 25(OH)D quartile had adjusted odds ratio 2.04 (1.26-3.30) for having aortic PWV X9 m s À1 (top quartile) in multiple regression. In conclusion, we found a clear significant and independent negative association between 25(OH)D and aortic PWV. Subjects with lowest vitamin D status showed the highest arterial stiffness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased aortic stiffness

et al. 2011

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“…50 000 IU weekly once for 8 wk) before starting maintenance therapy [2,3]. This latter loading dose is considered absolutely safe because vitamin D intoxication with hypercalcemia, renal damage, and vascular calcification is not observed until 25(OH)D levels are greater than 150 ng/mL [2,108,109]. Furthermore, it should also be noted that daily, weekly, or monthly dosing regimens can equally raise 25(OH)D levels [110].…”

Section: Clinical Consequences and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency and myocardial diseases

Pilz

Tomaschitz

Drechsler

et al. 2010

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

135

142

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Vitamin D deficiency is common among patients with myocardial diseases because sun-induced vitamin D production in the skin and dietary intake of vitamin D is often insufficient. Knockout mice for the vitamin D receptor develop myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction. It has also been shown that children with rickets who suffered from severe heart failure could be successfully treated with supplementation of vitamin D plus calcium. In adults, almost all patients with heart failure exhibit reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, which are used to classify the vitamin D status. In prospective studies, vitamin D deficiency was an independent risk factor for mortality, deaths due to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Several vitamin D effects on the electrophysiology, contractility, and structure of the heart suggest that vitamin D deficiency might be a causal factor for myocardial diseases. Data from interventional trials, however, are rare and urgently needed to elucidate whether vitamin D supplementation is useful for the treatment of myocardial diseases. In our opinion, the current knowledge of the beneficial effects of vitamin D on myocardial and overall health strongly argue for vitamin D supplementation in all vitamin D-deficient patients with or at high risk for myocardial diseases.

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“…Somjen et al (9) were the first to report an enzymatically active 25(OH)D1 ␣-hydroxylase system in human vascular smooth muscle cells, which could be upregulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and inhibited by exogenous vitamin D. Emerging experimental data demonstrate important physiologic effects of vitamin D on factors that are protective for vascular health (10).…”

Section: Vascular Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D, Proteinuria, Diabetic Nephropathy, and Progression of CKD

Agarwal¹

2009

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Protective and toxic effects of vitamin D on vascular calcification: Clinical implications

Cited by 88 publications

References 92 publications

The association between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased aortic stiffness

The association between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased aortic stiffness

Vitamin D deficiency and myocardial diseases

Vitamin D, Proteinuria, Diabetic Nephropathy, and Progression of CKD

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