Protective Effect and Mechanism of Plant-Based Monoterpenoids in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases

Abstract

The protective effect of plant active ingredients against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming increasingly prominent, and the terpenoids have always been the main active compounds in Chinese herbal medicine exerting hepatoprotective effects. However, the related pharmacological effects, especially for monoterpenoids or iridoid glycosides, which have obvious effects on improvement of NAFLD, have not been systematically analyzed. The objective of this review is to systematically examine the molecular mechanisms of monoterpenoids in NAFLD. The signaling pathways of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, insulin, nuclear factor κB, toll-like receptor, adipocytokine, RAC-α serine/threonine protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase, and autophagy have been proven to mediate this protective effect. We further compared the experimental data from animal models, including the dosage of these monoterpenoids in detail, and demonstrated that they are effective and safe candidate drugs for NAFLD. This review provides a reference for the development of NAFLD drugs as well as a research guideline for the potential uses of plant monoterpenoids.

Peach Kernel Extracts Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Activation of HSC-T6 Hepatic Stellate Cells

“…It can also increase β -fatty acid oxidation [ 28 ], inhibiting lipogenesis through MAPK activation, downregulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c [ 28 , 29 ], and enhancing antioxidant defense through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway [ 30 ]. Tetraterpenoids may also prove effective in treating liver disease [ 31 , 32 ]. Tetraterpenoids may inhibit the development of liver disease by inhibiting NF- κ B activation and by activating the Nrf2 pathway [ 33 ].…”

Exploring Anti-Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mechanism of Gardeniae Fructus by Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experiment Validation

“… 14 Thus, TCM may have myriad advantages in the treatment of NAFLD. 15 In this paper, we proposed a strategy that integrated pharmaceutical a efficacy evaluation in an animal model, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification to explore the potential efficacy and mechanism of action of GF for the treatment of NAFLD.…”

“…On the other hand, TCM contains of tens or thousands of compounds that can act on multiple target proteins by regulating multiple pathways to exert their synergism or exert compatible pharmacological effects on complex diseases . Thus, TCM may have myriad advantages in the treatment of NAFLD . In this paper, we proposed a strategy that integrated pharmaceutical a efficacy evaluation in an animal model, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification to explore the potential efficacy and mechanism of action of GF for the treatment of NAFLD.…”

New roles of N6-methyladenosine methylation system regulating the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with N6-methyladenosine-modified MYC

“…Because of the rapid development of the economy and the transformation of lifestyles, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as a common chronic metabolic disease, has become a major concern for human healthcare and may result in increased mortality and morbidity on progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, or even hepatocellular carcinoma ( Zhang et al, 2022 ). However, the pathophysiological mechanism of NAFLD has not been fully elucidated up to now and there is still a lack of effective and specific therapeutic drugs in clinical practice ( Loomba et al, 2021 ).…”