Protective effect following intranasal exposure of goats to live Pasteurella multocida B:2

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of intranasal exposure to low doses of Pasteurella multocida B:2 on survival of goats challenged with high doses of the same organism. Eighteen goats were selected and divided into three groups. Goats of group 1 were exposed intranasally twice, with a two-week interval, to 7 x 10(6) cfu/ml of live P. multocida B:2. Goats of group 2 were not exposed to P. multocida B:2 but were kept together with the exposed group 1. Goats of group 3 remained as unexposed controls and were kept separated from the other two groups. Serum samples were collected at weekly intervals to determine the antibody levels. At week 5 post exposure, all goats were challenged subcutaneously with 3.7 x 10(10) cfu/ml of live P. multocida B:2. Following challenge exposure, 8 (67%) goats (4 goats from each of groups 1 and 2) were killed owing to haemorrhagic septicaemia. Four goats were killed peracutely within 48 h post challenge, while the other four goats were killed acutely between 2 and 4 days post challenge. None of the goats of group 3 were killed for haemorrhagic septicaemia. Goats of groups 1 and 2 showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher antibody levels following the first intranasal exposure to P. multocida B:2. However, only group 1 retained the significantly (p < 0.05) high antibody levels following a second intranasal exposure, and remained significantly (p < 0.05) higher than groups 2 and 3 at the time of challenge. P. multocida B:2 was successfully isolated from various organs of goats that were killed between 1 and 4 days post challenge.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract of buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) calves orally exposed to <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> B:2

“…Upon arrival at the experimental house, anthelmintic (Ivomectin) was administered subcutaneously at the rate of 0.2mg/kg body weight for three consecutive days. Concurrently, deep nasal swabs were collected weekly for six (6) weeks and examined for the presence of P. multocida by bacterial isolation and polymerase chain reaction (Townsend et al, 1998;Zamri-Saad et al, 2006) to ensure the calves were free from P. multocida prior to start of the experiment. All calves were observed daily while temperature and respiratory rate were monitored.…”

“…A stock culture of P. multocida serotype B:2 isolated from a bovine case of HS (local laboratory source) was used (Zamri-Saad et al, 2006). The organism was cultured on blood agar at 37 0 C for 24 h before the brain heart infusion broth was seeded with four uniformly sized colonies and incubated, with shaking for 18 h. The bacterial concentration was determined using the method described by Alcamo (1997) to produce an estimated infection dose of 10 9 colony forming units (cfu)/mL of P. multocida B:2.…”

“…These were cultured on blood agar and incubated at 37 o C for 24 h. Isolates were identified as P. multocida based on biochemical tests as previously described (Carter & Chengappa, 1980;Peter et al, 1996). Total DNA from representative sections of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract tissues were purified and used as templates in the PCR to determine the serotype, as earlier described (Zamri-Saad et al, 2006).…”

Host Cell and Antibody Response towards <i>Pasteurella Multocida</i> B2 Infection-A General Review

“…During a bacterial infection, haematological and biochemistry changes are first detected during routine blood sampling. However, animal's defence mechanism can react quite differently and there is no singular pattern in complete blood count that indicates a bacterial infection (Weiss and Wardrop, 2010). Jesse et al (2013c) had reported that there were some haematological and biochemical markers that can be used for early detection in animals infected with wild type of Pasteurella multocida.…”

“…Stress in animals will suppress the antibody production which will cause latent carrier to become an active carrier (DeAlwis, 1999). Another study was conducted by Zamri-saad et al (2006), to determine the effect of intranasal exposure to low doses of Pasteurella multocida B2 stimulating antibody production against higher doses of the same organism. In this experiment, all goats showed low antibody response against Pasteurella multocida prior to intranasal exposure.…”