Protective Effect of a Lignan-Containing Flaxseed Extract against CCl4-Induced Hepatic Injury.

Endoh, Daiji; Okui, Toyo; Ozawa, Shinichiro; Yamato, Osamu; Kon, Yasuhiro; Arikawa, Jiro; Hayashi, Masanobu

doi:10.1292/jvms.64.761

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…SDG and pinoresinol are reported to have strong antioxidative effects (Harper et al, 1999). The present study supports the findings of Endoh et al (2002) who found that flaxseed extract inhibited the CCl 4 induced decrease in levels of reduced glutathione in rat liver. Flaxseed oil has a high content of alpha linolenic acid and is marketed as a health food, although indirect evidence suggests that the omega-3 fatty acid in flaxseed oil is not effective in lowering serum lipids and hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis in rabbits (Lee and Prasad, 2003).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Prophylactic effect of flaxseed oil against radiation‐induced hepatotoxicity in mice

Bhatia

Sharma

Patni

et al. 2007

Phytotherapy Research

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Flaxseed (linseed, Linum usitatissimum, Linaceae) is widely used for its edible oil in many parts of the world. The present study investigates the radioprotective and antioxidative potential of flaxseed oil (FO). Swiss albino mice were administered FO orally once daily for 15 consecutive days, then exposed to a single dose of 5 Gy of gamma radiation. Lipid peroxide, reduced glutathione and total protein were estimated in the liver. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid and alkaline phosphatase estimations in serum were also carried out. Radiation-induced increases in the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), AST, ALT and acid phosphatase were significantly ameliorated by flaxseed oil pretreatment, and radiation-induced depletion in the level of glutathione (GSH) and alkaline phosphatase activities was significantly inhibited by flaxseed oil administration. The lifespan was increased in the flaxseed oil treated irradiated mice in comparison with their respective control mice, with survival data showing an LD(50/30) (lethal dose for 50% of animals after 30 days) of 7.1 and 10 Gy for control and FO treated irradiated mice, respectively, and produced a dose reduction factor for flaxseed oil (DRF) of 1.40. Radiation-induced deficits in body and organ weight were significantly reduced or prevented in flaxseed oil pretreated mice. The protection afforded by flaxseed oil may be attributed to the constituents of the oil, which include omega-3 essential fatty acids and phytoestrogenic lignans, which appear to play an important role in free radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching. The study does not rule out the possibility of a prophylactic potential of flaxseed oil against radiation-induced degenerative changes in liver.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Prophylactic effect of flaxseed oil against radiation‐induced hepatotoxicity in mice

Bhatia

Sharma

Patni

et al. 2007

Phytotherapy Research

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“…This latter effect appears due to the enhancement in the functioning of the hepatic GSH antioxidant system, possibly through stimulating the activities of GSH-related enzymes. 40,41 The study by Endoh 42 purports to show a protective effect of a flaxseed extract on CCl 4 liver damage. Further, this protection is expressed as an attenuation of the CCl 4 -induced decrease in liver GSH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dietary flaxseed on the Fischer 344 rat. III. Protection against CCl4-induced liver injury

Hemmings¹,

Song²

2005

Cell Biochem. Funct.

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The hepatotoxic effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) administered by gavage at 0.25 ml CCl(4) (1:1 in olive oil) per 100 g body weight was examined 24 h later in regular chow fed (RC) and 10% flax chow fed (FC) male and female Fischer 344 rats. CCl(4)-treated RC rats were subdued, lethargic and unkempt. CCl(4)-treated FC rats were much less affected. CCl(4) treatment resulted in loss of weight in RC and FC rats. In males, the weight loss was 6.7% body mass in RC rats compared to 5.6% body mass in FC rats. In females, the weight loss was 7.5% body mass in both RC and FC rats. While CCl(4) treatment increased the level of the liver injury marker plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in RC rats, this CCl(4) effect was significantly attenuated in FC rats. In male rats, the ALT increase was 435-fold in RC rats and 119-fold in FC rats, over that of their respective controls. In female rats, the ALT increase was 454-fold in RC rats and 381-fold in FC rats, over that of their respective controls. These results provide evidence that flax consumption protects the liver against injury and that the extent of the protection is sex dependent. CCl(4) had no effect on the plasma level of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gammaGT) in RC and FC rats supporting the contention that plasma gammaGT is not a useful marker for acute liver injury which is seen in this model. The activity of gammaGT was increased in the livers of FC rats compared to RC rats: 2.7-fold in males and 1.5-fold in females. In RC rats, the activity of liver gammaGT was decreased by CCl(4) treatment: 70% in the male and 25% in the female. However, this CCl(4) effect was reversed or abolished by flax consumption. Compared to RC rats: in male FC rats, CCl(4) actually increased the activity of liver gammaGT 1.28-fold; while in female FC rats, the depressing effect of CCl(4) treatment was abolished. The flax-induced preservation of gammaGT in the liver in response to injury may be involved in the observed hepatoprotection through generation of GSH. In RC male rats, CCl(4) treatment effected a 25% reduction in plasma glucose levels. There was no decrease in CCl(4)-treated FC male rats. In female rats, CCl(4) treatment effected a 21% decrease in plasma glucose levels in both RC and FC rats. In conclusion, multiple parameters for acute CCl(4)-induced injury were attenuated in the FC compared to the RC rat. That flaxseed consumption conferred greater protection against liver injury in the male than in the female suggests an involvement of the estrogenic lignan component of flaxseed. We discuss the possibility that this hepatoprotection is through a flax lignan-induced increase in reduced glutathione related to a flax effect on the activity of liver gammaGT in the resting state and the maintenance of its activity in response to injury.

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“…The investigations by Thompson have shown that flaxseed's lignan, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) has a colon cancer protective effect [73,74]. A study using flaxseed-extract has also shown to protect liver cells against carbon tetrachloride -induced necrosis [75]. Whereas SDG lignan is also considered a powerful antioxidant, rosemary herb is known as one of nature's most powerful antioxidants [76].…”

Section: Cancer Chemopreventive Herbs and Spicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial and Chemopreventive Properties of Herbs and Spices

Lai

Roy²

2004

CMC

477

258

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Herbs and spices have been used for generations by humans as food and to treat ailments. Scientific evidence is accumulating that many of these herbs and spices do have medicinal properties that alleviate symptoms or prevent disease. A growing body of research has demonstrated that the commonly used herbs and spices such as garlic, black cumin, cloves, cinnamon, thyme, allspices, bay leaves, mustard, and rosemary, possess antimicrobial properties that, in some cases, can be used therapeutically. Other spices, such as saffron, a food colorant; turmeric, a yellow colored spice; tea, either green or black, and flaxseed do contain potent phytochemicals, including carotenoids, curcumins, catechins, lignan respectively, which provide significant protection against cancer. This review discusses recent data on the antimicrobial and chemopreventive activities of some herbs and spices and their ingredients.

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Protective Effect of a Lignan-Containing Flaxseed Extract against CCl4-Induced Hepatic Injury.

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Prophylactic effect of flaxseed oil against radiation‐induced hepatotoxicity in mice

Prophylactic effect of flaxseed oil against radiation‐induced hepatotoxicity in mice

The effects of dietary flaxseed on the Fischer 344 rat. III. Protection against CCl4-induced liver injury

Antimicrobial and Chemopreventive Properties of Herbs and Spices

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