Protective effect of four potential probiotics against pathogen-challenge of the larvae of three bivalves: Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) and scallop (Pecten maximus)

Kesarcodi-Watson, Aditya; Miner, Philippe; Nicolas, Jean‐Louis; Robert, R.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.02.029

Cited by 120 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Recently, V. coralliilyticus was shown to be infectious to a variety of fish and shellfish, including Pacific oyster larvae (9,10), the great scallop (Pecten maximus) and the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) (10), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and larval brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mortalities of Eastern and Pacific Oyster Larvae Caused by the Pathogens Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio tubiashii

Richards

Watson

Needleman

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

111

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dVibrio tubiashii is reported to be a bacterial pathogen of larval Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and has been associated with major hatchery crashes, causing shortages in seed oysters for commercial shellfish producers. Another bacterium, Vibrio coralliilyticus, a well-known coral pathogen, has recently been shown to elicit mortality in fish and shellfish. Several strains of V. coralliilyticus, such as ATCC 19105 and Pacific isolates RE22 and RE98, were misidentified as V. tubiashii until recently. We compared the mortalities caused by two V. tubiashii and four V. coralliilyticus strains in Eastern and Pacific oyster larvae. The 50% lethal dose (LD 50 ) of V. coralliilyticus in Eastern oysters (defined here as the dose required to kill 50% of the population in 6 days) ranged from 1.1 ؋ 10 4 to 3.0 ؋ 10 4 CFU/ml seawater; strains RE98 and RE22 were the most virulent. This study shows that V. coralliilyticus causes mortality in Eastern oyster larvae. Results for Pacific oysters were similar, with LD 50 s between 1.2 ؋ 10 4 and 4.0 ؋ 10 4 CFU/ml. Vibrio tubiashii ATCC 19106 and ATCC 19109 were highly infectious toward Eastern oyster larvae but were essentially nonpathogenic toward healthy Pacific oyster larvae at dosages of >1.1 ؋ 10 4 CFU/ml. These data, coupled with the fact that several isolates originally thought to be V. tubiashii are actually V. coralliilyticus, suggest that V. coralliilyticus has been a more significant pathogen for larval bivalve shellfish than V. tubiashii, particularly on the U.S. West Coast, contributing to substantial hatchery-associated morbidity and mortality in recent years. Another bacterium, Vibrio coralliilyticus, is best known as a coral pathogen responsible for coral bleaching and has been associated with significant losses to coral reefs worldwide (7,8). Recently, V. coralliilyticus was shown to be infectious to a variety of fish and shellfish, including Pacific oyster larvae (9, 10), the great scallop (Pecten maximus) and the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) (10), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and larval brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) (11). Around the time that V. coralliilyticus was shown to be pathogenic to fish and shellfish, it was also learned through DNA sequencing that some marine isolates thought to be V. tubiashii were actually V. coralliilyticus (7,12). V. coralliilyticus and V. tubiashii are closely related phylogenetically (7, 13). Although some major hatchery crashes have been linked to V. tubiashii (3), it is now known that some of the etiological agents reported to be V. tubiashii are actually V. coralliilyticus. The strains formerly known as Vibrio tubiashii ATCC 19105, maintained by the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA), and V. tubiashii RE22, isolated from Pacific oyster larvae from a hatchery in Oregon (3), have been shown by sequencing to be V. coralliilyticus strains (12). Whole-genome sequencing was recently completed on RE98 (22), which was previously identified as a highly pat...

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confidence: 99%

Mortalities of Eastern and Pacific Oyster Larvae Caused by the Pathogens Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio tubiashii

Richards

Watson

Needleman

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

111

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“…In the last years, different isolates of Phaeobacter gallaeciensis (formerly Roseobacter gallaeciensis ) and P. inhibens have received special attention by different research groups, due to their great spectrum of in vitro inhibition against pathogenic bacteria from aquaculture systems (Ruiz-Ponte et al, 1999; Prado et al, 2009, 2010; Kesarcodi-Watson et al, 2012; Sohn et al, 2016a,b; Zhao et al, 2016). Prado et al (2009) in experiments performed in marine water, with phytoplankton cultures and with larvae of flat oyster ( O. edulis ) and clam ( R. philippinarum ) cultures confirmed its potential use as control method in mollusc hatcheries, if its action is allowed before the pathogens reach high concentrations in the system.…”

Section: Preventive Treatments: Present and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into Pathogenic Vibrios Affecting Bivalves in Hatcheries: Present and Future Prospects

2017

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Hatcheries constitute nowadays the only viable solution to support the husbandry of bivalve molluscs due to the depletion and/or overexploitation of their natural beds. Hatchery activities include the broodstock conditioning and spawning, rearing larvae and spat, and the production of microalgae to feed all stages of the production cycle. However, outbreaks of disease continue to be the main bottleneck for successful larval and spat production, most of them caused by different representatives of the genus Vibrio. Therefore, attention must be paid on preventive and management measures that allow the control of such undesirable bacterial populations. The present review provides an updated picture of the recently characterized Vibrio species associated with disease of bivalve molluscs during early stages of development, including the controversial taxonomic affiliation of some of them and relevant advances in the knowledge of their virulence determinants. The problematic use of antibiotics, as well as its eco-friendly alternatives are also critically discussed.

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“…The four Vibrio strains (V. aestuarianus (LPI 02/041), V. coralliilyticus (LPI 06/210), V. splendidus (LPI 06/001) and V. pectenicida (LPI 01/006)) used for the in vitro experiments and bacterial challenge were isolated from diseased bivalve larvae and identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (Kesarcodi et al 2012) while the probiotic strain of Phaeobacter gallaeciensis (X34) was extracted from larval tanks in bivalve hatcheries (Ruiz-Ponte et al 1999). Stock cultures of these strains were stored at −80…”

Section: Bacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These experiments were generally followed by in vivo validation of probiotic effects of the selected strains by assessing the improvement in larval survival although this was usually done in the absence of a bacterial challenge. Recently, several studies have developed in vivo validation protocols for probiotics using bacterial challenges in small-scale bioassays (Kesarcodi et al 2009(Kesarcodi et al , 2010(Kesarcodi et al , 2012Karim et al 2013), but these conditions remain very different from those of a commercial production in terms of water volume, larval densities and hatchery routines. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential of the "X34" strain of Phaeobacter gallaeciensis on the entire larval development (from veliger stages to metamorphosis) of P. maximus, using a bacterial challenge experiment in conditions closer to those used in hatchery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the probiotic strainPhaeobacter gallaeciensisafter bacterial challenge on the complete larval development ofPecten maximus

Genard

Larouche

Miner

et al. 2014

Aquat. Living Resour.

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-The aim of this project was to evaluate the impact of probiotic (Phaeobacter gallaeciensis, X34 strain) treatment on the complete development (from veliger to metamorphosis) of Pecten maximus larvae in the context of a bacterial challenge and in conditions more representative of hatchery practices. To that effect, the present study was divided into two main steps. In the first, we used in vitro analyses (antibiograms and microplate assays) to validate the inhibition abilities of X34 on the growth of four Vibrio pathogen species. During the second step, we added pathogens (Vibrio pectenicida) into rearing tanks after two weeks of pre-treatment with the probiotic and then followed the larval development of Pecten maximus through the monitoring of survival rates, shell lengths and metamorphosis ability. Moreover, antioxidant (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and lipids peroxidation activities were also measured after bacterial challenge in order to evaluate the physiological response of larvae to pathogen exposition. Our results indicated an activation of the two selected antioxidant enzymes after bacterial challenge, but the increase was significantly lower in probiotic treated larvae. At the end of the experiment, the strain X34 treatment prevented a mass mortality event and showed a significant increase in the number of individuals reaching competence, when compared to untreated larvae.

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Protective effect of four potential probiotics against pathogen-challenge of the larvae of three bivalves: Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) and scallop (Pecten maximus)

Cited by 120 publications

References 33 publications

Mortalities of Eastern and Pacific Oyster Larvae Caused by the Pathogens Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio tubiashii

Mortalities of Eastern and Pacific Oyster Larvae Caused by the Pathogens Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio tubiashii

New Insights into Pathogenic Vibrios Affecting Bivalves in Hatcheries: Present and Future Prospects

Effect of the probiotic strainPhaeobacter gallaeciensisafter bacterial challenge on the complete larval development ofPecten maximus

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