Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on lidocaine-induced apoptosis

Abstract

Lidocaine, as an anesthetic substance, is often used for surface and spinal anesthesia. However, studies have shown that lidocaine may induce transient neurological symptoms and cauda equina syndrome. In the present study the effects of the ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) on lidocaine-induced apoptosis were assessed in Jurkat cells using flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The data showed that incubation with Rg1 provides protection against lidocaine-induced apoptosis in cultured Jurkat cells. In order to investigate the effect of Rg1 on the apoptosis pathway, caspase 3 gene expression was determined. The results suggested that the protective effect of Rg1 on lidocaine-induced apoptosis is mediated by altering the level of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins and downregulating caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that incubation with Rg1 provides protection against lidocaine-induced apoptosis in cultured Jurkat cells. In addition, the study demonstrated that Rg1 is a notable antiapoptotic molecule that is capable of blocking the caspase-dependent signaling cascade in Jurkat cells, and that the protective effect of Rg1 on lidocaine-induced apoptosis is mediated by altering levels of BCL-2 family proteins and downregulating caspase-3 expression. The present study provides the basis for understanding and evaluating the effect of Rg1 in the in vivo treatment of lidocaine-induced transient neurological symptoms and cauda equina syndrome by lidocaine.

Ginsenoside Rb1 for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

“…To date, more than 30 kinds of ginsenosides have been identified [9]. Ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1) (the major pharmacological extract and chemical structure is shown in Figure 1) possesses a variety of biological activities in the cardiovascular systems probably through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptosis [10], promoting angiogenesis [11] and an antiarrhythmic effect [12], suppressing ventricular remodeling after acute MI [13], and inhibiting hypertrophy and ventricular hypertrophy [14]. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of G-Rb1 for experimental MI have not been systematically evaluated yet.…”

Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates sepsis-induced injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in liver via AMPK-mediated autophagy flux

“…As a herbaceous plant belonging to family Araliaceae, ginseng has been used as a drug in Asia and other regions for over 2000 years [ 16 , 17 ]. In recent years, more than 50 kinds of ginsenosides have been found, amongst which ginsenoside Rg3 (SPG-Rg3), as the active ingredient extracted from ginseng, is found to play an active role in the treatment of clinical diseases in recent studies [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Synergistic neuroprotective effect of microglial-conditioned media treated with geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1 on hypoxia injured neurons

“…Multi-component treatments, characterized by two or more agents interacting with multiple targets simultaneously, are considered to be a rational and efficient form of therapy that is designed to control complex diseases (22,23), including stroke, which is a more complex disease than initially anticipated. Our previous study and those of others have already demonstrated that multi-component prescription (Tongluo Jiunao injection), composed of ginsenoside and ginsenoside Rg1 is effective for the treatment of stroke due to its anti-inflammatory, neuronprotecive and neurotrophic roles (19,24). The present study aimed to elucidate the synergistic effects of microglial cell-conditioned media treated with geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1 on hypoxia-injured neurons.…”