Protective effect of glycyrrhizin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced oxidative stress, inducible nitric oxide synthase and inflammatory reactions through high-mobility group box 1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression

Abstract

Abstract. Glycyrrhizin, which is a type of perennial leguminous caudex, has been used in various Asian countries, including P.R. China, India and Japan, for thousands of years. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of glycyrrhizin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through oxidative stress, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and inflammatory reactions via high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Sham; myocardial I/R injury + non-treated; myocardial I/R injury + 2 mg/kg glycyrrhizin; myocardial I/R injury + 4 mg/kg glycyrrhizin; and myocardial I/R injury + 10 mg/kg glycyrrhizin. Pre-treatment with glycyrrhizin significantly reduced infarct size and inhibited creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase and cardiac troponin T activities in rats with myocardial I/R injury. Furthermore, glycyrrhizin treatment significantly suppressed oxidative stress, iNOS protein expression and inflammatory reactions in rats with myocardial I/R injury. Additionally, treatment with glycyrrhizin significantly decreased the release of HMGB1 from the cerebral cortex into the serum in rats with myocardial I/R injury. Notably, glycyrrhizin significantly suppressed p-ERK, p-p38 MAPK and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase protein expressions, and promoted extracellular signal-regulated kinase protein expression in rats with myocardial I/R injury. Collectively, the present study indicates that the protective effect of glycyrrhizin may reduce myocardial I/R injury through oxidative stress, iNOS and inflammatory reactions, via HMGB1 and MAPK expression.

Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Transplantation: The Road to Translational Success

“…Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a natural inhibitor of extracellular HMGB-1 and inhibits the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( 77 , 78 ). In a rat model of MI, the use of GL dose- dependently attenuated IRI ( 78 ).…”

“…Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a natural inhibitor of extracellular HMGB-1 and inhibits the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( 77 , 78 ). In a rat model of MI, the use of GL dose- dependently attenuated IRI ( 78 ). When added to the preservation solution during cold storage in a HTx mouse model, GL improved cardiac allograft function and resulted in less myocardial damage ( 79 ).…”

Protective effect of water extract of guibi-tang against pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide

“…Therefore, we will investigate the therapeutic effect of GB on allergic asthma in further study. In addition, we will explore the antioxidant effects of GB because its three components have antioxidant effects [ 36 39 ].…”

Glycyrrhizic acid exerts protective effects against hypoxia/reoxygenation‑induced human coronary artery endothelial cell damage by regulating mitochondria

“…Although it is clinically used as an antiulcer, antiallergic, antioxidant, antiviral and anticancer agent (6), several studies have also demonstrated its potential protective effects against I/R-and H/R-induced endothelial injury (6,7). Cai et al (8), reported that GA elicits protective effects against myocardial I/R injury by regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions via the transcriptional modification of high-mobility group box 1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase in rats (8). However, whether GA exhibits protective effects against I/R-and H/R-induced injury in coronary artery endothelial cells (CAECs) is not completely understood.…”