Protective Effect of In ovo Vaccination with IBV-Spike-Recombinant DNA and Chicken Interferon as an Adjuvant

A self-adjuvanted nanoparticle based vaccine against infectious bronchitis virus

“…The IBV coronavirus S protein is considered the main virus attachment protein containing critical neutralizing epitopes, thus making it ideal as a vaccine component to induce protection against coronaviruses [ 29 , 48 , 49 ]. Indeed, several studies suggested that the S protein could serve as major target for vaccine design against coronaviruses [ 33 , 50 – 54 ]. The S2 protein subunit, which is expressed on the surface of IBV, is a promising immunogen and can provide increased cross-protection against various serotypes [ 55 , 56 ] since it is a highly conserved region [ 57 ].…”

“…S1 induces neutralizing and serotype-specific antibodies, which lack cross-protective capacity amongst different strains [ 29 ] The S2 subunit contains two heptad repeat areas that contribute to the fusion process [ 30 ]. Because the S proteins on IBV are the most significant antigenic elements to induce neutralizing antibody, vaccine studies have focused on this protein [ 31 – 33 ].…”

“…In a previous study, we reported that a recombinant DNA vaccine carrying IBV S protein with chicken interferon protected chickens against challenge with Massachusetts 41 (M41) field type IBV [ 33 ]. Also, we have successfully designed a prototypic vaccine for SARS virus [ 15 ], which also belongs to the Coronaviridae family and displays a high degree of homology with the IBV spike glycoproteins.…”

Infectious Bronchitis in Poultry: Constraints and Biotechnological Developments in Vaccines

“…The amount of DNA injected is reduced by the addition of adjuvants. With interferon ", a reduced amount of 5 micrograms of DNA is sufficient to protect chickens compared with higher doses of DNA without interferon combination (Babapoor et al, 2009). In vitro, IFN" type 1 inhibits colonization of chickens' kidney cells by IBV.…”

“…A protocol involving a recombinant vaccine with conventional vaccines is an alternative strategy. A DNA vaccine in primary vaccination expressing the S1 followed by a booster using a live vaccine produces a better response with detectable AC after infection (Babapoor et al, 2009). Also the association with inactive vaccines produces a significant increase in neutralizing IgG and CD4+/CD3+and CD3+/CD8+ (Guo et al, 2010).…”