Protective Effect of Pitressin and Epinephrine Against Total Body X-Irradiation

Gray, John; Moulden, Elizabeth J.; Tew, John T.; Jensen, H.

doi:10.3181/00379727-79-19388

Cited by 34 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…protect against total-body irradiation, but this action cannot be attributed to their property of producing a temporary anoxia (29), since (1) tryptamine, although not a vasoconstrictor substance, is as good a protector as 5-hydroxytryptamine, and (2) adrenaline increases cardiac ' Compounds containing a lone pair of electrons would undergo reaction 4 particularly readily, and this process may therefore be important in protection. For instance many vasoconstrictor substances [adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) pitressin, etc.]…”

Section: Mechanism Of Protection In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of Action of Some Substances Which Protect against the Lethal Effects of X-Rays

Alexander¹,

Bacq²,

Cousens³

et al. 1955

Radiation Research

153

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Section: Mechanism Of Protection In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of Action of Some Substances Which Protect against the Lethal Effects of X-Rays

Alexander¹,

Bacq²,

Cousens³

et al. 1955

Radiation Research

153

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“…Large doses of histamine and other amines have been shown to protect mice (279), possibly because of the decreased tissue oxygen tension resulting from vasomotor reactions. Epinephrine, enteramine (Serotonin) , and beta-hypophamine (Pitressin) are also protective to mice when ad ministered prior to irradiation (285,286).…”

Section: Modification Of Injurymentioning

confidence: 97%

Radiation Effects on Mammalian Systems

Patt¹

1954

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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This review will be concerned with the acute effects of high energy radia tions on mammalian systems. Its purpose is twofold; to delineate many of the recent papers in this areal and to place the more important contributions in some perspective to the over-all physiology of radiation injury. Complete coverage of radiation effects is not intended, owing to the vast literature and the consequent necessity of excluding many papers to conform to the allotted space.3 Several surveys of the more general aspects of radiation effects on liv ing systems have been presented recently (1 to 7); cellular (8, 9), embryo logiCal (10), and carcinogenic (11) actions of irradiation have also been cov ered. The extensive report of acute radiation injury in man resulting from accidental nuclear reactions should be consulted (12). These cases represent radiation injury not complicated by the effects of heat and blast.It is appropriate to say a word about trends in mammalian radiobiology by way of introduction. We may note an increasing interest in the more im mediate physical and chemical changes in irradiated tissue. Such endeavors have been greatly influenced by present concepts of the modes of energy transfer and the recognition that certain, apparently primary, events may be modified experimentally. Greatest attention continues to be focused, how ever, on the disordered physiology as manifested by effects on growing and developing systems generally and by pancytopenia, bleeding, inanition, in fection, altered immune reactions, and carcinogenesis, specifically. In this area, there is a growing awareness that injury and recovery may be influenced to a considerable extent by the physiological interplay in the organism as a whole.THE RADIATIONS While all of the ionizing radiations produce more or less similar biological effects, their efficiency can vary considerably, This depends apparently upon the energy absorption in space and time and also upon its distribution within the organism. For most effects, excluding those that are related pre sumably to very small volumes, biological effectiveness increases with in crease in linear ion density or, more appropriately, in linear energy transfer. Gray (13) has emphasized that the rapid variation of efficiency with ion 1 The survey of literature pertaining to this review covers the period from January, 1951 to June, 1953.2 The following abbreviations are used in this chapter: DNA (desoxyribonucleic acid); RNA (ribonucleic acid).3 This refers in particular to miscellaneous effects on skin, bone, gonads, and nervous system. 51Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1954.16:51-80. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by University of Laval on 07/11/14. For personal use only.Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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“…Quelques macromolécules naturelles comme la vasopressine [168], l'ACTH [169], la mellitine du venin d'abeille [170] possèdent une action radioprotectrice intéressante.…”

Section: Macromolécules Radioprotectricesunclassified

Les radioprotecteurs chimiques

Robbe¹

1972

Radioprotection

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Si les possibilités énergétiques de l'atome sont immenses, si son utilisation à des fins pacifiques peut modifier radicalement l'évolution de la civilisation, cette ère prodigieuse pose de façon aiguë le problème de la protection de l'homme. Il est donc vital que la thérapeutique puisse disposer dans un avenir prochain de radioprotecteurs ou d'associations de substances capables d'éliminer, ou tout au moins de minimiser, les effets nocifs, sinon mortels, des irradiations.Quels risques, existe-t-il, pour l'être vivant dans l'âge atomique ? -tout d'abord, des effets somatiques non cancérogènes [1 à 6] qui seront plus ou moins précoces et sévères, suivant la dose reçue; -puis, l'apparition, souvent tardive, des effets somatiques cancérogènes qui entraînent une létalité différée. Ici la gravité du mal ne dépendrait pas de la dose d'énergie, car, en fait, il n'y aurait pas de dose seuil de sécurité. Toute irradiation aussi faible soit-elle, serait capable d'engendrer des cancers : la probabilité étant toujours faible, mais jamais nulle, augmenterait avec l'importance de la dose reçue [3,6]; -enfin, des effets héréditaires induits par les mutations [7,8]. Comme les radiations augmentent artificiellement la fréquence de ces mutations, celles-ci marqueront leur empreinte sur la race humaine dans les générations futures.Depuis 1945, l'homme s'est attaché non seulement à rechercher les meilleurs moyens de protection, à partir d'écrans (béton, plomb et autres matériaux) et dispositifs assurant un véritable blindage antiradiations, mais il a essayé égale ment de trouver des susbstances capables d'éviter la maladie des rayons.La première lueur d'espoir est apparue en 1948 lorsque Latarjet et Ephrati [9] ont montré qu'il était possible de protéger un bactériophage contre les radiations, par des substances chimiques tels l'acide thioglycolique, le glutathion, le tryptophane, la cystéine et la cystine.Un an plus tard, la faculté de diminuer l'effet nocif des radiations chez la souris était mise en évidence, en utilisant le cyanure [10], la cystéine [11] et la thiourée [12]. Mais c'est Bacq et ses collaborateurs qui, en mettant en lumière l'action remar quable de la cystéamine [13], montraient que la radioprotection n'était point une utopie chez les mammifères.

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Protective Effect of Pitressin and Epinephrine Against Total Body X-Irradiation

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Mode of Action of Some Substances Which Protect against the Lethal Effects of X-Rays

Mode of Action of Some Substances Which Protect against the Lethal Effects of X-Rays

Radiation Effects on Mammalian Systems

Les radioprotecteurs chimiques

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