Protective effect of rutin against acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by ischemia-reperfusion

Abstract

Context: Rutin, a flavonoid commonly present in onions, apples and tea, has been suggested to have a variety of pharmacological activities, including immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Objectives: The present study was to examine the protective effects of rutin on gastric mucosal damage induced by gastric ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Materials and methods: Rutin (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically for five consecutive days before ischemia. Sixty minutes after the last administration of rutin, under anesthesia, the celiac artery was clamped for 30 min, and then the clamp was removed for 60 min reperfusion. After reperfusion, the stomach was removed for biochemical and histological examinations. Results: As compared with the I/R group (116.7 AE 21.5), administration of rutin at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly prevented the increase of gastric mucosal injury index induced by gastric I/R (73.4 AE 14.8, 65.9 AE 9.6 and 26.9 AE 5.7, respectively). ED 50 value was 138.7 mg/kg. Moreover, rutin at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg showed an inhibition on the increased myeloperoxidase (24.6, 41.3 and 53.1% reduction) activity and malondialdehyde levels (27.4, 40.3 and 50.7% reduction) in gastric mucosa. Also, the elevation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity as well as the decrease of constitutive NO synthase (cNOS) in the gastric mucosa were significantly prevented by rutin pretreatment. Conclusion: These results suggested that rutin has a protective effect against gastric mucosal injury induced by gastric I/R and that the gastroprotection was related to the NOS/NO pathway and its antioxidant activity.

Shuidouchi (Fermented Soybean) Fermented in Different Vessels Attenuates HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury

“…NO in the body is generated by NOS catalysis, which has cytotoxic effects and is involved in mediating immune reactions [30]. In recent years, studies have shown that many pathological stomach disease processes are associated with abnormal changes of NO levels [30,31]. As the only synthetase of NO, the distribution and function of NOS in the stomach is a hotspot of current research.…”

Preventive Effect of Anji White Tea Flavonoids on Alcohol-Induced Gastric Injury through Their Antioxidant Effects in Kunming Mice

“…Rutin has a strong antioxidant effect, which can inhibit the damage and aggravation of gastric mucosa caused by oxidative stress [38]. At the same time, rutin can inhibit the excessive production of NO caused by inflammation, thus inhibiting the increase of iNOS activity in gastric mucosa, while increasing the activity of constitutive NOS (cNOS), inhibiting lymphocyte infiltration in gastric mucosa tissue and playing a protective role in gastric mucosa [39]. The preventive effect of AJWTF on gastric injury may also be due to this mechanism.…”

Preventative and Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Peptic Ulcers

“…In the development of peptic ulcer, recruitment of neutrophils and other inflammatory cells to the damaged sites activates secreted enzyme MPO, which promotes oxidative stress [ 91 , 92 ]. Flavonoids, such as quercetin [ 43 ], quercitrin and afzelin [ 45 ], genistein [ 62 ], aromadendrin-4′- O -methyl-ether and kaempferide [ 84 ], kaempferol [ 93 ], and rutin [ 94 , 95 ], have been shown to decrease MPO levels, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity in peptic ulcer.…”

“…However, inflammation triggers upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages and neutrophils, which increases NO levels and results in cytotoxic effects and gastric oxidative damage [ 96 , 97 , 98 ]. Pretreatment with rutin at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg exhibited gastroprotective effects against gastric ulcer induced by ischemia-reperfusion by preventing elevation of iNOS activity and by inhibiting cNOS and MPO activity in the gastric mucosa [ 94 ]. Indomethacin administration decreased the total nitrite/nitrate level in gastric mucosa, which may be related to a decreased production of cNOS in gastric tissue and upregulation of iNOS in neutrophils and macrophages.…”