Protective effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on sodium nitroprusside–induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney

Abstract

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) a nitric oxide (NO) donor has proven toxic effects. Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) has been shown to reduce the severity of numerous ailments. Present study examined whether intake of fish oil (FO)/flaxseed oil (FXO, Omega Nutrition, St Vancouver, Canada) would have protective effect against SNP-induced toxicity. Male Wistar rats (150 ± 10 g) were used in this study. Initially animals were divided into two groups: one fed on normal diet and the other on 15% FO/FXO for 15 days. On the 16th day, SNP (1.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days daily. After 7 days animals were killed, kidneys were harvested for further analysis. SNP induced nephrotoxicity by increasing serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, SNP significantly decreased malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and malic enzyme but increased lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Brush border membrane enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and leucine amino peptidase were also decreased. The activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase decreased concomitantly with increased lipid peroxidation, indicating that the significant kidney damage has been inflicted by SNP. Feeding of FO and FXO with SNP ameliorated the changes in various parameters caused by SNP. The results of the present study suggest that ω-3 PUFA-enriched FO and FXO from seafoods and plant sources, respectively, are similarly effective in reducing SNP-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage. Thus, vegetarians who cannot consume FO can have similar health benefits from plant-derived ω-3 PUFA.

Favorable Effects of Flaxseed Supplemented Diet on Liver and Kidney Functions in Hypertensive Wistar Rats

“…Further, studies have reported the positive effects of flaxseed oil, or flaxseed per se, on kidney functions. Treatment with flaxseed oil significantly reduced the sodium nitroprusside and L-arginine-induced increase in BUN levels in the plasma and kidneys of rats 31,32 . Flaxseed-supplemented diets as well as flax oil, markedly lowered the UA level in healthy rats and in the condition of renal toxicity 33,34 .…”

“…Flaxseed-supplemented diets as well as flax oil, markedly lowered the UA level in healthy rats and in the condition of renal toxicity 33,34 . Additionally, flaxseed oil or flaxseed diets have lowered the serum and kidney creatinine levels in several pathological and experimental conditions 31,32,35,36 . Flaxseed oil has been shown to inhibit the renin mRNA levels in SHR 37 .…”

The Protective Effect of Omega-3 Against Thioacetamide Induced Lipid and Renal Dysfunction in Male Rats

“…Sodium nitrite changed the activities of urea nitrogen, serum creatinine .Fish oil diet modified renal parameters. The results showed that fish oil rich in omega-3 might reduce oxidative damage and nephrotoxocity induced by sodium nitrite [20]. In the study conducted by Fassett and colleagues in 2010 it was shown that Omega-3 fatty acids were beneficial in the treatment of kidney diseases.…”

Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation and High Stocking Density on the Performance and Stress Parameters of Broilers

“…There are several expensive methods available to reduce the negative effects of high temperature and high stocking density, but the dietary manipulation is the easiest approach, and has been supported by several research studies (Souza et al 2011;Khan et al 2012). In this respect, vitamin E supplementation has been investigated because of the reported benefits in laying hens during heat stress, and reduced body vitamin E levels during heat stress (Sahin et al, 2001).…”