Protective effects of Curcuma longa against neurobehavioral and neurochemical damage caused by cerium chloride in mice

Abstract

Cerium chloride (CeCl) is considered an environmental pollutant and a potent neurotoxic agent. Medicinal plants have many bioactive compounds that provide protection against damage caused by such pollutants. Curcuma longa is a bioactive compound-rich plant with very important antioxidant properties. To study the preventive and healing effects of Curcuma longa on cerium-damaged mouse brains, we intraperitoneally injected cerium chloride (CeCl, 20 mg/kg BW) along with Curcuma longa extract, administrated by gavage (100 mg/kg BW), into mice for 60 days. We then examined mouse behavior, brain tissue damage, and brain oxidative stress parameters. Our results revealed a significant modification in the behavior of the CeCl-treated mice. In addition, CeCl induced a significant increment in lipid peroxidation, carbonyl protein (PCO), and advanced oxidation protein product levels, as well as a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity remarkably increased in the brain of CeCl-treated mice. Histopathological observations confirmed these results. Curcuma longa attenuated CeCl-induced oxidative stress and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. It also decreased AChE activity in the CeCl-damaged mouse brain that was confirmed by histopathology. In conclusion, this study suggests that Curcuma longa has a neuroprotective effect against CeCl-induced damage in the brain.

Experimental and clinical reports on anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects ofCurcuma longaand curcumin, an updated and comprehensive review

“…The extract also decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the CeCl 3 -treated mouse brain. 138 In trimethyltin (TMT)-induced oxidative stress, the ethanolic extract of C. longa (200 mg/kg, administered from days 1 to 28 of the experiment) in Sprague-Dawley rats was evaluated. The extract prevented oxidative stress by decreasing the plasma and brain MDA levels and increasing the SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and GSH levels in the brain indicating neuroprotective effects of the plant on TMT-exposed rats by reducing oxidative stress.…”

Caracterización físico-química y capacidad antioxidante de extractos del rizoma de Curcuma longa L.

“…3) Índice de refracción. 4) Grados Brix: extracto seco disuelto en el solvente a 20,1 °C Extracto crudo 0,8144 ± 0,0005 (5) 160,31 ± 0,0069 1,3411 ± 0,0001 (5) 5,7167 ± 0,0289 (5) 5,9 ± 0,01 Reportes de investigaciones como Lekshmi et al (16) , sobre capacidad de captación de radicales de extractos de rizoma de cúrcuma en metanol por el método de DPPH, reportan valores de 53,7 ± 0,82 µg/mL y para la estándar curcumina IC50 es 6,90 ± 0,43 µg/mL. Comparados con nuestros resultados en etanol a 96%, los valores son IC50 6,89 ± 0,002 µg/mL para estándar curcumina y para extracto en etanol es 17,07 ± 0.004 µg/mL.…”

“…Estudios sobre capacidad antioxidante en Curcuma longa utilizando como solvente de extracción etanol con el método DPPH, reportan un IC50 76 μg/mL para un extracto con etanol al 70 % (4) ; Nahak et al (17) , presentan resultados que exhiben una mayor actividad de eliminación de radicales con valores de IC50 24 µg/mL, seguido por C. cedoaria (40 µg/mL), C. angusifolia (100 µg/mL) y C. aromático (140 µg/mL); muestran que la Curcuma longa L. de la zona del departamento de Junín, Perú, muestra mayor capacidad antioxidante debido a las diferencias edafológicas del lugar de recolección, así como la concentración del alcohol que se utilizó para la extracción.…”

“…La mayoría de las moléculas activas en esta especie se encuentran en el rizoma, la más importante es la curcumina, una molécula polifenólica cuya nomenclatura química es 1,7-bis-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)-1,6-heptadieno-3,5-diona, estable en pH neutro y ácido actuando como donador de protones y en pH básico como donador de electrones; a esto se considera el origen de sus propiedades antioxidantes (4) . Entre los antioxidantes exógenos tenemos la vitamina C, E, polifenoles como quercetina, kaempferol, antocianinas y curcuminoides.…”

Neuroprotective Natural Products for Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Its ethanolic extract has been found to exert neuroprotective activity through antioxidant effects [ 258 ]. Another study on the herbal extract approved its neuroprotective effect as it was able to attenuate CeCl 3 -induced oxidative stress, enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and decrease AChE activity [ 259 ]. It is hypothesized that people using turmeric frequently may have a lower incidence of AD, indicating turmeric’s preventive effect [ 260 ].…”