Protective effects of ginseng extracts and common anti-aggregant drugs on ischaemia-reperfusion injury : cardiovascular topics

Abstract

SummaryObjectiveGinseng is a traditional herbal medicinal product widely used for various types of diseases because of its cellular protective effects. Possible protective effects of ginseng were investigated in blood, cardiac and renal tissue samples and compared with common anti-aggregant agents in an animal ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) model.MethodsTwenty rats were equally divided into four different groups as follows: control group (I/R-induced group without drug use), group I (acetylsalicylic acid-administered group), group II (clopidogrel bisulfate-administered group), group III (ginsenoside Rb1-administered group). For the groups assigned to a medication, peripheral I/R was induced by clamping the femoral artery one week after initiation of the specified medication. After reperfusion was initiated, cardiac and renal tissues and blood samples were obtained from each rat with subsequent analysis of nitrogen oxide (NOx), malondialdehyde (MDA), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and prolidase.ResultsNOx levels were similar in each group. Significant decrements were observed in serum PON1 levels in each group when compared with the control (p < 0.05). Serum MDA levels were significantly lower in groups II and III (p < 0.05). Ameliorated renal prolidase levels were detected in study groups (p < 0.05) and recovered cardiac prolidase levels were obtained in groups II and III (p < 0.05).ConclusionThese findings indicate that ginseng extracts may have a potential beneficial effect in I/R injury. However, more comprehensive studies are required to clarify the hypothetical cardiac, renal and systemic protective effects in reperfusioninduced oxidative damage.

The Search for Dietary Supplements to Elevate or Activate Circulating Paraoxonases

“…In rats with myocardial ischemia, treatment with flaxseed in combination with exercise recovered the decreased PON1 and HDL levels, whereas administration of flaxseed alone had no effect [ 31 ]. In a rat ischemia–reperfusion model, significant decreases were observed in the serum PON1 levels of animals given ginsenoside despite the decrease in malonyldialdehyde [ 32 ]. In contrast, the decrease of PON1 and arylesterase activities in arthritis-induced rats was restored after treatment with soy protein and isoflavone (genistein and daidzein) for 50 days [ 33 ].…”

Protective effect of supplementation with Ginseng, Lilii Bulbus and Poria against PM2.5 in air pollution‐induced cardiopulmonary damage among adults

“…Between‐group analyses indicated that GLP supplementation was associated with the increased levels of SOD, GSH‐PX, TAC and PON1, of which significant associations was found between PM 2.5 exposure and elevated levels of serum SOD and PON1. Numbers of studies have shown that ginseng, Lilii Bulbs or Poria have beneficial effects against oxidative stress (Caliskan et al, 2015; Hussein et al, 2016; Ramesh et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2012; Xu et al, 2016; Yousef & Hussien, 2015). Rats treated with ginseng prior to cisplatin [received ginseng (100 mg/kg BW/day) orally for 15 consecutive days in addition to cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg BW) as a single intraperitoneal dose on the 10th day of the experiments 1 hr prior to ginseng dose] exhibited a significant ( p < .05) increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH‐PX) compared to rats receiving cisplatin alone (received a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin 7.5 mg/kg BW on the 10th day of the experiment), which can be concluded that the protective effects of ginseng against cisplatin induced‐renal damage was associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress and the preservation of antioxidant enzymes (Yousef & Hussien, 2015).…”

Metformin protects renal tubular cells; mechanisms and new concepts

“…In the early stages, insulin resistance is countered by high insulin secretion. However, advanced damage of β-cell mass and function restricts the ability of the pancreas to control the presence of glucose in the blood by rising insulin secretion (7). The first obvious sign of hyperglycemia due to prediabetes is impairment of postprandial glucose control but normal and/ or impaired fasting plasma glucose.…”