Protective effects of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemon cablin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice

Abstract

Patchouli alcohol (PA) is a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Pogostemon cablin, which exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-influenza and cognitive-enhancing bioactivities. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PA on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Dexamethasone was used as a positive drug for protection against LPS-induced ALI. The results of the present study demonstrated that pretreatment with PA significantly increased survival rate, attenuated histopathologic damage and lung edema, and decreased the protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice with ALI. Furthermore, PA significantly inhibited the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in the BALF, downregulated the levels of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, and upregulated the activity levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in lung tissue. These results indicated that PA may exert potent protective effects against LPS-induced ALI in mice, the mechanisms of which are possibly associated with the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of PA.

Natural product derived phytochemicals in managing acute lung injury by multiple mechanisms

“… Compounds Structure In vitro/in vivo Model (effective dose) Cells (effective concentration) Related pharmacological indicators Related molecular mechanisms Refs. Pogostone 52 LPS (20 mg/kg) A549 (20 μM) MPO↓ TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ IL-6↓ MDA↓ IL-8↓ Regulation on the balance between Keap1-Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways [ 212 , 213 ] Patchouli alcohol 53 LPS (20 mg/kg) MPO↓ TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ IL-6↓ MDA↓ IL-8↓ SOD↑ GSH↑ GPx↑ Inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway [ 214 , 215 ] Eucalyptol 54 LPS/Cigarette smoke (30 mg/kg) MPO↓ TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ IL-10↑ LDH↓ MMP9↓ ICAM-1↓ Suppression of TLR4-dependent NF-κB activation [ [216] , [217] , [218] ] Zerumbone 55 LPS (21.8 μg/kg) MPO↓ TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ IL-6↓ SOD↑ CAT↑ COX-2↓ iNOS↓ICAM-1↓ MIP2↓ GPx↑ VCAM-1↓ Down-regulation of p38 MAPK/JNK-IκB/NF-κB pathway Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway [ [219] , [220] , [221] ] Limonene 56 LPS (50 mg/kg) MPO↓ TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ IL-6↓ Suppression of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways [ 222 ] Thymol 57 LPS (100 mg/kg) MPO↓ TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ IL-6↓ MDA↓ SOD↑ Inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway Activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway [ 223 , 224 ] …”

Attenuated Total Reflectance-FTIR Spectra Combined with Multivariate Calibration and Discrimination Analysis for Analysis of Patchouli Oil Adulteration

“…The major component composed of PaO is patchouli alcohol, a natural tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from volatile oil of PaO. Patchouli Oil has been reported to have some biological activities such as anti-inflammatory [3], anti-oxidative [4], antitumor [5], antibacteria, antifungus and antivirus [6][7][8], as well as as whitening agent [9]. The oil has high priced value in oil industry, therefore, PaO is subjected to be adulterated with other oils to gain economical profit.…”

Availability, Pharmaceutics, Security, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacological Activities of Patchouli Alcohol

“…Similarly, the in vivo study on anti-inflammation of PA was conducted by Li et al [54] and oral administration of PA (10, 20, and 40 mg/Kg) could remarkably relieve xylene-induced ear edema in mice as well as carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, with the reduction of inflammatory mediators release as stated above. Furthermore, PA reflecting clearly anti-inflammatory effects was performed in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) [55, 56] as well as mastitis [57]. The mechanisms were related to the inhibition of phosphorylation of I κ B- α - and p65-dependent NF- κ B transcription activation, thus making it a potential efficiency for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases, like ALI and mastitis.…”