Diabetesâinduced male dysfunction is considered as a worldwide challenge, and testicular damage mainly caused by oxidative stress is its most common manifestation. Cordycepin, a natural antioxidant, has been used in the treatment of diabetic complications. However, the protective action and underlying mechanism of cordycepin on hyperglycaemiaâinduced testicular damage are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of cordycepin against diabetesâinduced testicular damage. The type 2 diabetes model was established in C57BL/6Â male mice via highâfat diet for 4Â weeks and injected intraperitoneally with 50Â mg/kg/day streptozotocin for five consecutive days. Then mice were treated with cordycepin (10 and 20Â mg/kg, respectively) for 8Â weeks. At the end of experiment, biochemical indicators, microstructure of testicular tissue, sperm morphology, TUNEL staining and protein expressions were evaluated. In the present study, cordycepin alleviated the testicular damage, restored disruption of the bloodâtestis barrier, and improved spermatogenic function via the antiapoptotic and antioxidant capacity. Mechanistically, cordycepin significantly enhanced SIRT1 expression and triggered the activity of Foxo3a, further to induce the expression of its downstream antioxidant enzymes, including MnâSOD and CAT. These findings indicated that cordycepin could improve hyperglycaemiaâinduced testicular damage by regulating downstream antioxidant enzymes activity through the SIRT1/Foxo3a signalling pathway.