Protein and free amino acids in a high lysine maize double mutant

Arruda, Paulo; Silva, W.J. da; Teixeira, João Paulo Feijão

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)94558-8

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Levels of free amino acids in the endosperm of kernels have been reported to decrease significantly by the end of the vegetation period (Arruda et al 1978;Duvick 1952; Hirel et al 2005;Miyanishi et al 1991) resulting in programmed cell death (Young and Gallie 2000). Therefore, the higher levels of free amino acids support the argument that, in 2004, kernels of Pontos were less mature than those of the other cultivars at time of harvest.…”

Section: Differentiation Of Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Metabolite profiling of maize grain: differentiation due to genetics and environment

2009

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A comparative metabolite profiling approach based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was applied to investigate the impact of genetic background, growing location and season on the chemical composition of maize grain. The metabolite profiling protocol involved sub-fractionation of the metabolites and allowed the assessment of about 300 distinct analytes from different chemical classes (polar to lipophilic), of which 167 could be identified. A comparison, over three consecutive growing seasons, of the metabolite profiles of four maize cultivars which differed in their maturity classification, was carried out using principal component analysis (PCA). This revealed a strong separation of one cultivar in the first growing season, which could be explained by the immaturity of the kernels of this cultivar compared with others in the field trial. Further evaluations by pair-wise comparison using Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the growing season was the most prominent impact factor driving variation of the metabolite pool. An increased understanding of metabolic variation was achieved by analysis of a second sample set comprising one cultivar grown for 3 years at four locations. The applied GC/MS-based metabolite profiling demonstrated the natural variation in maize grain metabolite pools resulting from the interplay of environment, season, and genotype.Keywords Metabolite profiling Á Maize Á Zea mays Á GC/MS Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Section: Differentiation Of Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Metabolite profiling of maize grain: differentiation due to genetics and environment

2009

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“…However, amino acid analyses of these fractions were not reported. More extensive studies have been reported of maize mutants, showing substantial increases in free amino acids but that the magnitude of these varies between mutant lines and reports (Murphy & Dalby, 1971; Ma & Nelson, 1975; Misra et al , 1975; Arruda et al , 1978). One of the most detailed studies was reported by Sodek & Wilson (1971).…”

Section: Asparagine In Crop Plantsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These authors also determined the amino acid compositions of free amino acid fractions from the R802 and R802 opaque2 lines, showing 7.9% and 7.2% asparagine, respectively. Similarly, Arruda et al (1978) compared developing endosperms of a double mutant ( sugary1 / opaque2 ) line of maize with the normal background line. Total free amino acids and asparagine were determined as μmol per endosperm, and the ratios of these in the mutant : normal endosperms were similar, 1.7:1 for free amino acids and 1.85:1 for asparagine.…”

Section: Asparagine In Crop Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asparagine in plants

Lea¹,

Sodek²,

Parry³

et al. 2006

Annals of Applied Biology

594

433

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Interest in plant asparagine has rapidly taken off over the past 5 years following the report that acrylamide, a neurotoxin and potential carcinogen, is present in cooked foods, particularly carbohydrate-rich foods such as wheat and potatoes which are subjected to roasting, baking or frying at high temperatures. Subsequent studies showed that acrylamide could be formed in foods by the thermal degradation of free asparagine in the presence of sugars in the Maillard reaction. In this article, our current knowledge of asparagine in plants and in particular its occurrence in cereal seeds and potatoes is reviewed and discussed in relation to acrylamide formation. There is now clear evidence that soluble asparagine accumulates in most if not all plant organs during periods of low rates of protein synthesis and a plentiful supply of reduced nitrogen. The accumulation of asparagine occurs during normal physiological processes such as seed germination and nitrogen transport. However, in addition, stress-induced asparagine accumulation can be caused by mineral deficiencies, drought, salt, toxic metals and pathogen attack. The properties and gene regulation of the enzymes involved in asparagine synthesis and breakdown in plants are discussed in detail.

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“…The endosperm contains nearly 80% of the total kernel protein (Wilson, 1987), comprised of 50 to 60% zein (protein bodies), 30% glutelin (matrix proteins), and 10 to 20% albumins, globulins, and free amino acids (Arruda et al, 1978). The content of zein, the primary glutelin-associated protein in dent corn hybrids (Boundy et al, 1967), may vary due to variety differences or the extent of maturity at harvest (Bressani and Conde, 1961).…”

Section: Figure 1 Corn Kernel Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying variation in the nutritional value of corn based on chemical kernel characteristics

Gehring

Cowieson

Bedford

et al. 2013

World's Poultry Science Journal

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The metabolisable energy of corn can vary by more than 400 kcal/kg in poultry. Chemical, rather than physical kernel characteristics may be more accurate for predicting nutrient and energy availability. Factors that affect variability include genetics, agronomic conditions, proximate composition, pre-and post-harvest processing variables, and the presence of anti-nutritional factors. Variation in the nutritional value of corn may be better identified when the relationship between protein and starch are considered rather than by total content or predicted digestibility values alone. Recently, the use of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy has made rapid valuation of corn based on chemical kernel characteristics a possibility. Prediction equations may be useful for formulating diets to more closely approximate actual metabolisable energy content for poultry.

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Protein and free amino acids in a high lysine maize double mutant

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Metabolite profiling of maize grain: differentiation due to genetics and environment

Metabolite profiling of maize grain: differentiation due to genetics and environment

Asparagine in plants

Identifying variation in the nutritional value of corn based on chemical kernel characteristics

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