Protein intake and lean body mass preservation during energy intake restriction in overweight older adults

Backx, Evelien; Tieland, Michael; Berg, Karin J Borgonjen-van den; Claessen, P.R.; Loon, Luc J. C. van; Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M. de

doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.182

Cited by 52 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A consideration of muscle disuse research is how to isolate the impact of physical inactivity per se, and not the influence of a concomitant change in energy intake (owing to altered energy demands). That is to say, changes in energy balance and/or macronutrient intake can impact on insulin sensitivity and muscle mass independently of physical activity status (Backx et al, 2016;Hulston, Churnside, & Venables, 2015). For example, maintaining a habitual diet during a period of physical inactivity will impose a positive energy balance and would therefore exacerbate the impact of muscle disuse on insulin sensitivity and muscle atrophy (Biolo et al, 2008;Peterson, Zhang, Johannsen, & Ravussin, 2017).…”

Section: New Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single day of bed rest, irrespective of energy balance, does not affect skeletal muscle gene expression or insulin sensitivity

Dirks

Stephens

Jackman

et al. 2018

Experimental Physiology

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The initial metabolic and molecular events that underpin disuse-induced skeletal muscle deconditioning, and the contribution of energy balance, remain to be investigated. Ten young, healthy men (age 25 ± 1 years; body mass index 25.3 ± 0.8 kg·m ) underwent three 24 h laboratory-based experimental periods in a randomized, crossover manner: (i) controlled habitual physical activity with an energy-balanced diet (CON); (ii) strict bed rest with a diet to maintain energy balance (BR-B); and (iii) strict bed rest with a diet identical to CON, consequently resulting in positive energy balance. Continuous glucose monitoring was performed throughout each visit, with vastus lateralis muscle biopsies and an oral glucose tolerance test performed before and after. In parallel with muscle samples collected from a previous 7 day bed rest study, biopsies were used to examine the expression of genes associated with the regulation of muscle mass and insulin sensitivity. A single day of bed rest, irrespective of energy balance, did not lead to overt changes in whole-body substrate oxidation, indices of insulin sensitivity [i.e. homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, BR-B from 2.7 ± 1.7 to 3.1 ± 1.5 (P > 0.05) and Matsuda index, BR-B from 5.9 ± 3.3 to 5.2 ± 2.9 (P > 0.05)] or 24 h glycaemic control/variability compared with CON. Seven days of bed rest led to ∼30-55% lower expression of genes involved in insulin signalling, lipid storage/oxidation and muscle protein breakdown, whereas no such changes were observed after 1 day of bed rest. In conclusion, more than a single day of physical inactivity is required to observe the insulin resistance and robust skeletal muscle transcriptional responses associated with bed rest and consequent alterations in energy balance.

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Section: New Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single day of bed rest, irrespective of energy balance, does not affect skeletal muscle gene expression or insulin sensitivity

Dirks

Stephens

Jackman

et al. 2018

Experimental Physiology

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“…The addition of exercise to a hypocaloric diet did not yield significantly greater weight losses than a hypocaloric diet alone . When energy intakes were equal, increasing the protein content above 0.9 g/kg/d or changing protein source did not result in any differences in weight or lean mass loss, nor did changing the glycaemic index of the carbohydrates . In studies where older and younger participants were compared in terms of weight loss efficacy on the same diet intervention, older participants lost more weight than younger participants .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Treatment of obesity in older persons—A systematic review

Haywood

Sumithran

2019

Obesity Reviews

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The study aims to systematically review the available evidence regarding weight loss interventions (lifestyle, surgical, and pharmacological) for obesity in adults aged over 60 years. A search of prospective, randomized studies took place in January 2018, on Medline (Web of Science) and PubMed databases. Search terms included the following: elderly, obese, hypocaloric, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Abstracts were screened for eligibility. A total of 256 publications regarding lifestyle interventions were identified; of these, 69 studies were eligible. As no eligible studies were identified for pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery, the search was broadened to include non-randomized studies. Four pharmacotherapy and 66 surgery studies were included. Lifestyle intervention had similar weight loss efficacy in older compared with younger people, with positive effects on a number of relevant outcomes, including physical function and cardiovascular parameters. There was little data regarding obesity pharmacotherapy in older persons. The available data for bariatric surgery indicate comparable weight loss and resolution of type 2 diabetes, with similar or slightly higher complication rates in older compared with younger people. Older age alone should not be considered a contraindication to intensive lifestyle or surgical intervention for obesity. There are insufficient data to guide clinical decisions regarding obesity pharmacotherapy in older people. Abstract] OR RCT [Title/Abstract] OR randomly [Title/Abstract] OR random [Title/Abstract]) #1 Search ((obesity [Title/Abstract] OR obese [Title/Abstract] OR "weight loss"[Title/Abstract] OR "weight reduction"[Title/ Abstract])) AND (elderly [Title/Abstract] OR older [Title/ Abstract] OR geriatric [Title/Abstract]) HAYWOOD AND SUMITHRAN 589

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“…The 12-wk 20% ER in our study, which was based on dietary advice, resulted in a mean weight loss of 5.6 kg (62.9). A similar study but in a completely controlled setting in which 12 wk 25% ER was performed with 2 diets differing in protein content observed a weight loss of 28.9 kg (62.9) and 29.1 kg (63.4), respectively (26). We performed a relatively mild low-calorie diet as compared with most other studies in literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Measuring phenotypic flexibility by transcriptome time‐course analyses during challenge tests before and after energy restriction

et al. 2019

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Metabolic challenge tests may be a valuable tool to magnify the effects of diet on health. The use of transcriptomics enables a more extensive characterization of the effects of diet. The question remains whether transcriptome time‐course analyses during challenge tests will deliver more information on the effect of diet than a static fasting measurement. A dietary intervention known to improve health is energy restriction (ER). Seventy‐two healthy, overweight men and women aged 50–65 were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a mixed‐meal test (MMT) before and after 12 wk of a 20% ER diet or control diet. Whole‐genome gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed before and after the intervention. This was done during fasting, during the OGTT at 30, 60, and 120 min, and during the MMT at 60, 120, 240, and 360 min. Upon ER, the OGTT resulted in a faster and more pronounced down‐regulation in gene expression of oxidative phosphorylation, cell adhesion, and DNA replication compared with the control. The MMT showed less‐consistent effects. The OGTT combined with transcriptomics can be used to measure dynamic cellular adaptation upon an intervention that cannot be determined with a static fasting measurement.—Van Bussel, I. P. G., Fazelzadeh, P., Frost, G. S., Rundle, M., Afman, L. A. Measuring phenotypic flexibility by transcriptome time‐course analyses during challenge tests before and after energy restriction. FASEB J. 33, 10280–10290 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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Protein intake and lean body mass preservation during energy intake restriction in overweight older adults

Abstract: Increasing protein intake above habitual intake levels (0.9 g kg(-1) per day) does not preserve lean body mass, strength or physical performance during prolonged energy intake restriction in overweight older adults.

Cited by 52 publications

References 46 publications

A single day of bed rest, irrespective of energy balance, does not affect skeletal muscle gene expression or insulin sensitivity

A single day of bed rest, irrespective of energy balance, does not affect skeletal muscle gene expression or insulin sensitivity

Treatment of obesity in older persons—A systematic review

Measuring phenotypic flexibility by transcriptome time‐course analyses during challenge tests before and after energy restriction

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