“…Alternative 1,3-dipoles such as nitrones (McKay et al, 2011; McKay et al, 2010; Ning et al, 2010), nitrile oxides (Sanders et al, 2011; Singh and Heaney, 2011), diazoalkanes (McGrath and Raines, 2012), and syndones (Wallace and Chin, 2014) have also been explored as means for improving the kinetics and biocompatibility of reactions with multiple-bond partners (primarily strained alkynes, Figure 5E). Strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition (SPANC) reactions demonstrate rate constants up to 60 M −1 s −1 (McKay et al, 2012; McKay et al, 2010; Ning et al, 2010), and have been used for N -terminal peptide modification (Ning et al, 2010), direct protein labeling, and pre-targeted labeling of ligand-receptor interactions on cell surfaces (McKay et al, 2011).…”