Protein-to-creatinine urinary in the early diagnosis of renal injury in canine pyometra

Sant'Anna, Marcos Cezar; Martins, Guilherme F.; Flaiban, Karina Keller Marques da Costa; Trautwein, Luiz Guilherme Corsi; Martins, Maria Isabel Mello

doi:10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5624

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The proteinuria rate in this study was 71.5%, higher than reported by Hagman (2017) (50%) and Sant'Anna et al. (2019) (61.9%), suggesting that these bitches suffered greater injuries in their nephrons. There was no difference between AZO and NAZO groups, but creatinine has already demonstrated little specificity in relation to SDMA.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…The toxic effects of bacteria associated with pyometra can result in poor renal perfusion and decreased glomerular filtration rate, culminating in acute kidney injury (Ahuja et al, 2019;Figueiredo et al, 2017;Kumar et al, 2016;Trautwein et al, 2018). Furthermore, glomerular and tubular dysfunction in the kidneys can lead to azotemia in patients with CEH-pyometra (Heiene et al, 2007;Sant'Anna et al, 2019). Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) serves as a biomarker for early endogenous kidney injury (Ernst et al, 2018), while Doppler ultrasonography is a noninvasive instrument capable of evaluating renal artery perfusion, providing information about the blood flow of organs, and detecting the first signs of renal dysfunction (Bragato et al, 2017;Santos et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renal biomarkers, clinical parameters, and renal Doppler velocimetry in bitches with cystic endometrial hyperplasia–pyometra complex

dos Santos Silva,

Trautwein,

Hidalgo

et al. 2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)–pyometra complex is the most common uterine infection in adult and elderly bitches and can cause renal dysfunction. The aim of this study was to measure and compare urinary creatinine, urea, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), urinary protein–creatinine ratio (UPC), measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP), and Doppler velocimetry of renal arteries in patients with CEH–pyometra complex before and after an average of 6 months of treatment, evaluating the possibility of the changes persisting. The evaluation was conducted at two moments: M1 (at the diagnosis of CEH–pyometra, n = 36) and M2 (after an average of six months of treatment, n = 16). For the control group, eight bitches with no changes in blood tests or history of conditions underwent Doppler ultrasound evaluation of the renal arteries. At both M1 and M2, we measured creatinine, urea, and serum SDMA, UPC, SBP, and Doppler ultrasound of the renal arteries. Patients were evaluated according to the following groups: azotemic (AZO) and non‐azotemic (NAZO), and open and closed cervix pyometra. The parameters were compared between animals present in both moments presented as M1R (bitches that were in M1 and M2) and M2. Statistical significance was considered when p < .05. The medians found for creatinine in M1 were as follows: 1.15 mg/dL, being 1.8 mg/dL for AZO (12/36) and 0.95 mg/dL for NAZO (24/36); and in M2: 0.85 mg/dL (16/16), being 1.15 mg/dL for AZO (4/16) and 0.8 mg/dL for NAZO (12/36). For urea, in M1 it was 36 mg/dL (32/36), with AZO being 103 mg/dL (11/32) and 33 mg/dL in NAZO (21/32); and in M2 32 mg/dL (16/ 16), being 29 mg/dL for AZO (4/36), and 31 mg/dL for NAZO (3/15). The median SDMA measured in M1R was 17 μg/dL (15/16), with AZO being 31 μg/dL (3/15), and NAZO being 16.5 μg/dL (12/15); and in M2, SDMA was 12 μg/dL (16/16), with AZO being 12.5 μg/dL (4/16), and NAZO being 12 μg/dL (12/16). The median UPC measured in M1 was 1.15 (10/36), with AZO being 0.25 (1/10), and NAZO being 1.38 (9/10); and in M2, it was 0.2 (13/16), being 0.1 in AZO (4/13), and 0.2 (9/16) in NAZO. For SBP, in M1, it was 118 mmHg (30/36), with AZO being 102 mmHg (10/30) and 133 mmHg in NAZO (20/30); and in M2 142.5 mmHg (12/16), being 155 mmHg for AZO (4/12), and 140 mg/dL for NAZO (8/12). When comparing animals with open and closed cervixes, a difference was found between SDMA measurements (p = .001). There was a distinction between PI and RI of the left and right kidneys consecutively (p = .007; p = .033; p = .019; p = .041). Correlations found in M1: SDMA × PI RIM DIR (r = 0.873; p = .002), SDMA × PSV RIM ESQ (r = 0.840; p = .004), SDMA × EDV RIM ESQ (r = 0.675; p = .046). With this study, we conclude a return to normality of renal biomarkers and clinical parameters after six months. Yet, there is a persistence of Doppler velocimetric measurements between the two moments. Thus, this parameter is not suitable for identifying and classifying chronic kidney injury in bitches with pyometra.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renal biomarkers, clinical parameters, and renal Doppler velocimetry in bitches with cystic endometrial hyperplasia–pyometra complex

dos Santos Silva,

Trautwein,

Hidalgo

et al. 2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…However, the increase in SDMA preceded the rise in sCr and urea levels at T0. It was concurrent with the elevation of RPC, uGGT, and uGGT/ sCr levels, considered adequate urinary biomarkers of renal damage before azotemia development (Lippi et al, 2018;Sant' Anna et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of kidney injury through early markers in canine pyometra

Andrade

Silva

Santos

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Fourteen female dogs diagnosed with pyometra were studied at three separate times: at diagnosis (T0) and 24 h (T1) and 10-15 days (T2) after ovariohysterectomy (OH). The means of the markers, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) (17.71 to 26.54 μg/dL) and the urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase to creatinine ratio (uGGT/uCr) (1.06 to 2.62 U/mg), varied, showing an increase with time. Further, the elevation of gamma-glutamyl transferase (uGGT) (56.61 to 128.12 U/L) and the urinary protein to creatinine ratio (RPC) (0.26 to 1.24) was evident at T0 and T1. A reduction in the means of RPC, uGGT, and uGGT/uCr was observed 10-15 days after OH. Despite the elevation of these markers, the concentration of creatinine (1.11 to 1.40 mg/dL), urea (40.07 to 67.16 mg/dL), and urinary specific gravity (1.027 to 1.028) only presented slight variation. In canine pyometra, complications secondary to acute renal injury may be present that may be mild and transient in most treated animals. As elevation in SDMA and RPC preceded changes in creatinine levels for the evaluation of glomerular filtration, tubular markers could assist in the early identification of renal damage in canine pyometra.

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Proteinuria

2023

Urinalysis in the Dog and Cat

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Protein-to-creatinine urinary in the early diagnosis of renal injury in canine pyometra

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Renal biomarkers, clinical parameters, and renal Doppler velocimetry in bitches with cystic endometrial hyperplasia–pyometra complex

Renal biomarkers, clinical parameters, and renal Doppler velocimetry in bitches with cystic endometrial hyperplasia–pyometra complex

Evaluation of kidney injury through early markers in canine pyometra

Proteinuria

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