Proteinase inhibitory activity in the plasma of a mollusc: Evidence for the presence of α-macroglobulin in Biomphalaria glabrata

Bender, Randall C.; Fryer, Sarah E.; Bayne, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(92)90086-7

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Other components such as proteinase inhibitors are also important in arthropod immunity [9e11]. a 2 -macroglobulin (a 2 M), an inhibitor of diverse proteinases, is abundantly present in plasma of vertebrate species [12] and several invertebrate species including the chelicerate, Limulus polyphemus [13], crustaceans [14,15]and a gastropod mollusc [16]. a 2 M purified from some crustaceans was found to have an activity against infection of invading pathogens [17]and was necessary for activation of the proPO system [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of α2-macroglobulin in the kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus

Rattanachai

Hirono

Ohira

et al. 2004

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of α2-macroglobulin in the kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus

Rattanachai

Hirono

Ohira

et al. 2004

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Antiproteases have been found in the serum of several animal species, including molluscs (Armstrong and Quigley 1992;Bender et al 1992;Thogersen et al 1992;Elsayed et al 1999). Protease inhibitors can constitute humoral defence factors, protecting the host cells against entry of the protozoan parasites (Fuller and McDougald 1990).…”

Section: Host-parasite Interactions: Progression Of Infection and Immmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perkinsosis in molluscs: A review

Villalba

Reece

Ordás

et al. 2004

Aquat. Living Resour.

303

243

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-The genus Perkinsus includes protistan parasites infecting marine molluscs throughout the world, some of which are associated with mass mortalities. Life cycle involves vegetative proliferation within the host, by which a cell named trophozoite undergoes successive bipartitioning. Other stages have been observed in vitro or in vivo, depending on the species: hypnospore, zoosporangium and zoospore. Molecular taxonomy supports a close affinity between dinoflagellates and Perkinsus spp. Six species of Perkinsus are currently considered valid: P. marinus, P. olseni, P. qugwadi, P. chesapeaki, P. andrewsi and P. mediterraneus. Histology and, above all, incubation of host tissues in Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM) are classic diagnostic methods. In addition, more sensitive and quicker molecular diagnostic techniques based on either immunoassays or PCR have been developed for Perkinsus spp. Epizootiological studies have shown a marked influence of water temperature and salinity on P. marinus infection in oysters Crassostrea virginica, thus determining parasite geographical range and temporal disease dynamics (seasonality). In vitro cultures have been established for four Perkinsus spp. Immune response to infection varies depending on host and involves phagocytosis or encapsulation of the parasite cells by host haemocytes. A polypeptide is secreted by clamTapes philippinarum haemocytes that could kill the parasite. In vitro cultured P. marinus cells secrete proteases that are likely involved in degradation of host tissues. P. marinus can suppress the toxic oxygen radicals produced by host haemocytes. In addition to host death, sublethal effects caused by Perkinsus spp. (reduction of fecundity, growth, and condition) may have significant ecological and economic implications. Various strategies have been assayed to mitigate the consequences of P. marinus epizootics on the oyster industry: modifications of management/culture procedures, selective breeding to obtain resistant oyster strains, and the use of triploid oysters and allochthonous oyster species. Some chemotherapeutants have been proved to inhibit or kill parasite cells in vitro.

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“…Cytokines such as IL-l may be present in several phyla (Beck et al 1989(Beck et al , 1993. Molluscs have now been shown to posess the acute phase reactants, C-reactive protein (MandaI et al 1991) and a 2 -macroglobulin (Bender et al 1992;Th0rgersen et al 1992), a multifunctional binding protein with antiprotease activity which may have a role in recognition and clearance of foreign particles (Borth 1992). Continued studies of mollusc-parasite interactions should aid us in understanding how molluscs protect themselves from invading parasites and pathogens, and how parasites may use them to their own advantage to survive within their hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%