Proteinases and proteinase inhibitors in uterine fluid with special reference to IUD‐users

Casslén, Bertil

doi:10.3109/00016348109156939

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 285 publications

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“…The plasminogen cascade, including plasminogen activators (PAs), plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs), as well as the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) might be involved in the invasion of the endometriotic tissue. There is a high level of PA activity in endometrium, which is partly under hormonal control (3, 4). The uPAR is a cell surface receptor, but there is also a soluble form, suPAR, that is encoded by the same gene as the surface receptor (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hormones on uPA, PAI‐1 and suPAR from cultured endometrial and ovarian endometriotic stromal cells

Guan¹,

Carlberg²,

Bruse³

et al. 2002

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hormones on uPA, PAI‐1 and suPAR from cultured endometrial and ovarian endometriotic stromal cells

Guan¹,

Carlberg²,

Bruse³

et al. 2002

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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“…The endometrium contains fluctuating levels of tPA and uPA during the ovarian cycle [19][20][21][22]. uPA has been reported to be most active within the endometrial stroma as progesterone is withdrawn [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…uPA has been reported to be most active within the endometrial stroma as progesterone is withdrawn [23]. Previous studies have demonstrated that levels of PA activity in the endometrium as measured in uterine fluid increases during the proliferative phase and decreases during the secretory phase to increase again in the pre-menstrual phase [19][20][21][22]. When correlated with the ovarian cycle, this evidence indicates the plasminogen activator system is highly involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and degradation of the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle, and there is an intricate interplay between cycling ovarian hormones and the plasminogen activator system [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Plasminogen Activator System, Glucocorticoid, and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in the Primate Endometrium During Artificial Menstrual Cycles

et al. 2021

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As a key mechanism in fibrinolysis and tissue remodeling, the plasminogen activator system has been suggested in the process of endometrial shedding and tissue remodeling. Previous studies have explored the role of estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors as well as elements of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in shaping the morphology of the endometrium. This study investigates the distribution and concentrations of the mineralocorticoid receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 within the endometrial stroma, glandular, and endothelial cells of the primate endometrium during artificial menstrual cycles. Our immunohistochemistry quantification shows mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors are ubiquitously distributed within the macaque endometrium with their patterns of expression following similar fluctuations to urokinase and tissue plasminogen activators particularly within the endometrial vasculature. These proteins are present in endometrial vasculature in high levels during the proliferative phase, decreasing levels during the secretory phase followed by rising levels in the menstrual phase. These similarities could suggest overlapping pathways and interactions between the plasminogen activator system and the steroid receptors within the endometrium. Given the anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids and the role of plasminogen activators in endometrial breakdown, the glucocorticoid receptor may be contributing to stabilizing the endometrium by regulating plasminogen activators during the proliferative phase and menstruation. Furthermore, given the anti-mineralocorticoid properties of certain anti-androgenic progestins and their reduced unscheduled uterine bleeding patterns, the mineralocorticoid receptor may be involved in unscheduled endometrial bleeding.

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Human uterine fluid, examined in undiluted samples for osmolarity and the concentrations of inorganic ions, albumin, glucose, and urea

Casslén

Nilsson

1984

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

108

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Proteinases and proteinase inhibitors in uterine fluid with special reference to IUD‐users

Cited by 12 publications

References 285 publications

Effects of hormones on uPA, PAI‐1 and suPAR from cultured endometrial and ovarian endometriotic stromal cells

Effects of hormones on uPA, PAI‐1 and suPAR from cultured endometrial and ovarian endometriotic stromal cells

The Plasminogen Activator System, Glucocorticoid, and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in the Primate Endometrium During Artificial Menstrual Cycles

Human uterine fluid, examined in undiluted samples for osmolarity and the concentrations of inorganic ions, albumin, glucose, and urea

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