Proteins of human urine. III. Identification and two-dimensional electrophoretic map positions of some major urinary proteins.

Abstract

We mapped the proteins of human urine by high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis, utilizing the ISO-DALT system. Wide-range pH gradients and narrow-range acid gradients were both used in the first-dimension separations. The patterns revealed proteins ranging in relative molecular mass from 10 000 to 90 000. Proteins identified in the map included transferrin, albumin, hemopexin, alpha 2-HS glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin. Gc globulin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, Zn alpha 2-glycoprotein, retinol binding protein, beta 2-microglobulin, the immunoglobulin light chains, and MAUP (most acid urinary protein). The use and utility of internal-charge and molecular-mass standards are described. We used electrophoretic transfer of proteins to nitrocellulose sheets and subsequent detection by immunological methods to identify some proteins.

Circadian variation in the urinary excretion of electrolytes and trace elements in men

“…The dialysis procedure employed in this study removed on the average 83% of the total solids present in the urine. The remaining 17%, consisting of moieties with a molecular weight greater than 14,000, probably represents fragments of serum albumin, globulin, mucoproteins, enzymes, etc., which have filtered or were excreted through the glomeruli or other renal structures (Edwards et al, 1982). The daily excretion of proteins in the urine of normal subjects is reported as 194 f 53 mg (Saifer and Gerstenfeld, 1964).…”

Exploring the Hidden Human Urinary Proteome via Ligand Library Beads

“…This search for biomarkers is particularly appealing in body fluids, since their collection is minimally invasive or, in the case of urine, noninvasive. Yet, even bodily fluids are not immune from severe problems that have so far hampered the discovery of novel markers, e.g., both plasma and serum exhibit tremendous variations in individual protein abundances, typically of the order of 10 10 or more, with the result that, in any typical two-dimensional (2-D) map, only the high-abundance proteins are displayed. − In the case of urine, the problems are further aggravated by their very low protein content requiring a concentration step of 100- to 1000-fold, coupled with its high salt levels, requiring their concomitant removal prior to any analytical step …”

Colorimetric, Naked-Eye Detection of Lysozyme in Human Urine with Gold Nanoparticles

“…As for interference testing, human albumin (HSA), which is a protein commonly found in urine [ 1 , 44 ], has been found to interact with gold nanoparticles [ 45 , 46 ]. Globulins, which is another common urinary protein family [ 47 ], have also been reported to have the same effect [ 45 ].…”