Proteinuria and hematuria in schoolchildren: Epidemiology and early natural history

Occult hemorrhage in children with severe ITP

“…One-sample proportion testing identified a significantly increased frequency of occult stool and urinary tract hemorrhage when compared to clinically overt bleeding from the same site in the pediatric ITP population (Table III). The frequency of occult stool and urinary tract hemorrhage observed was also significantly greater than the incidence of microscopic hematuria and positive gFOBT observed in healthy children [21][22][23]. There was no significant relationship between occult bleeding and bleeding manifestations on physical examination (Supporting Information Table III).…”

“…A one-sample proportion test compare the frequency of occult hemorrhage by site (urine, stool, CNS) with the incidence of overt hemorrhage in children with ITP reported in the literature [17][18][19][20] (Table I). The incidence of blood in the urine and stool reported in the literature for healthy children [21][22][23] was used as a comparison group. Fisher's exact test was performed to compare bleeding severity by disease status (newly diagnosed vs. persistent/chronic) and compare relationships between bleeding severity and sites of occult hemorrhage.…”

Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy

“…However, the prevalence may be estimated from known frequencies of persistent hematuria in the population and from the number of TBMN cases in archival series of renal biopsies, together with the knowledge of prevalence of autosomal Alport syndrome (51). Several studies have addressed the prevalence of hematuria and persistent hematuria in children and adults (52)(53)(54)(55)(56). Persistent hematuria is commonly defined as hematuria that is observed on at least two occasions, and in TBMN, a useful additional criterion could be that these two incidents occurred at least 2 yr apart (51).…”

“…Persistence of hematuria is important from the point of view of TBMN diagnosis, as it distinguishes from other, more acute renal disorders, such as hematuria associated with streptococcal infections (51). The prevalence of hematuria in children has been estimated to be 1 to 2% (52,53), but the prevalence in adults is not well known (3). According to Wang and Savige (51), persistent hematuria occurs consistently in as much as 6% of both children and adults.…”

Çocukluk çağında hematürinin etiolojik nedenleri

“…Ayr›ca mikroskobik hematüri ço¤u zaman fark edilmeyebilece¤inden çocuklarda hematüri tarama programlar› önerilmektedir (6). Ancak bulgusu olmayan hematürili olgular›n çok az›nda hematüri uzun süreli devam etti¤in-den tan›sal giriflimsel testler dikkatli seçilmelidir (7)(8)(9). Uzun süre devam eden bulgusuz mikroskobik hematüri olgular› altta yatan olas› patolojiler aç›s›ndan dikkatle izlenmelidir (10).…”