Proteolytic Gene Expression Differs At Rest and After Resistance Exercise Between Young and Old Women

Raue, Ulrika; Slivka, Dustin; Jemioło, Bożena; Hollon, Chris; Trappe, Scott

doi:10.1093/gerona/62.12.1407

Cited by 138 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Contrary to our hypothesis, feeding attenuated MRF4 mRNA expression following exercise. Our laboratory has previously shown that both myogenic and proteolytic genes are upregulated in sarcopenic muscle (43), and it has been proposed that during muscle atrophy, MRF4 mRNA expression is upregulated in an attempt to offset the atrophic process. The exact role of MRF4 in adult human muscle remains unclear; however, it has been suggested that MRF4 is involved in the maintenance of terminally differentiated cells (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors are acutely responsive to aerobic exercise, presumably as part of the muscle remodeling process (20,32). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of these atrogenes is elevated in sarcopenic muscle (43) and reduced following muscle hypertrophy (51), suggesting a role in the regulation of muscle mass. The calpains are components of the Ca 2ϩ -dependent protein degradation pathway and have been implicated in muscle proteolysis following muscle-damaging exercise (14,28).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Muscle protein synthesis and gene expression during recovery from aerobic exercise in the fasted and fed states

Harber

Konopka

Jemioło

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Harber MP, Konopka AR, Jemiolo B, Trappe SW, Trappe TA, Reidy PT. Muscle protein synthesis and gene expression during recovery from aerobic exercise in the fasted and fed states. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299: R1254 -R1262, 2010. First published August 18, 2010 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00348.2010.-The purpose of this investigation was to assess mixed-muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR) and the expression of genes involved in skeletal muscle remodeling after aerobic exercise in the fasted and fed states. Eight recreationally active males (25 Ϯ 1 yr; V O2 max: 52 Ϯ 2 ml·kg Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 ) performed 60-min of cycle ergometry at 72 Ϯ 1% V O2 max on two occasions in a counter-balanced design. Subjects ingested a noncaloric placebo (EX-FAST) or a beverage containing (per kg body wt): 5 kcal, 0.83 g carbohydrate, 0.37 g protein, and 0.03 g fat (EX-FED) immediately and 1 h after exercise. FSR was assessed at rest and following exercise with the use of a L-[ring 2 H5]-phenylalanine infusion combined with muscle biopsies at 2 and 6 h postexercise. mRNA expression was assessed at 2 and 6 h postexercise via real-time RT-PCR. FSR was higher (P Ͻ 0.05) after exercise in both EX-FAST (0.112 Ϯ 0.010%·h Ϫ1 ) and EX-FED (0.129 Ϯ 0.014%·h Ϫ1 ) compared with rest (0.071 Ϯ 0.005%·h Ϫ1 ). Feeding attenuated the mRNA expression (P Ͻ 0.05) of proteolytic factors MuRF-1 (6 h) and calpain-2 (2 and 6 h) postexercise but did not alter FOXO3A, calpain-1, caspase3, or myostatin mRNA expression compared with EX-FAST. Myogenic regulatory factor (MRF4) mRNA was also attenuated (P Ͻ 0.05) at 2 and 6 h postexercise in EX-FED compared with EX-FAST. These data demonstrate that a nonexhaustive bout of aerobic exercise stimulates skeletal muscle FSR in the fasted state and that feeding does not measurably enhance FSR between 2 and 6 h after aerobic exercise. Additionally, postexercise nutrient intake attenuates the expression of factors involved in the ubiquitin-proteosome and Ca 2ϩ -dependent protein degradation pathways. These data provide insight into the role of feeding on muscle protein metabolism during recovery from aerobic exercise. protein turnover; endurance; proteolysis; muscle-specific RING finger protein-1; calpain AEROBIC EXERCISE ACUTELY (8, 44) and chronically (41, 45) alters skeletal muscle protein metabolism. The influence of nutrient supply (i.e., feeding) on skeletal muscle protein kinetics following exercise that is considered to be aerobic or endurancenatured remains relatively unexplored. Levenhagen et al. (29) initially showed that ingestion of minimal amounts of carbohydrate (8 g) combined with 10 g of protein creates a positive protein balance across the leg following aerobic exercise, apparently through promoting muscle protein synthesis with little influence on protein breakdown. Recently, it was reported that coingestion of protein and carbohydrate following aerobic exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis greater than carbohydrate intake alone and yields a net positive whole-body protein balance (24). Whi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle protein synthesis and gene expression during recovery from aerobic exercise in the fasted and fed states

Harber

Konopka

Jemioło

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Housekeeping gene GAPDH was used as a reference gene. The validation of GAPDH was performed to insure that its expression was unaffected by the experimental treatments, as we have previously described (25,36,52). All primers used in this study were mRNA specific and designed for qPCR (Vector NTI Advance 9 software, Invitrogen) using SYBR Green chemistry.…”

Section: Muscle Cox Mrna Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The COX gene expression before and after the 12 wk of resistance exercise training was compared using the 2 Ϫ⌬CT (arbitrary units) quantification method (28,36,52). A serial dilution curve was generated for each qPCR run to evaluate reaction efficiencies.…”

Section: Muscle Cox Mrna Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on skeletal muscle adaptations to resistance exercise in older adults

Trappe

Carroll

Dickinson

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

162

215

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Trappe TA, Carroll CC, Dickinson JM, LeMoine JK, Haus JM, Sullivan BE, Lee JD, Jemiolo B, Weinheimer EM, Hollon CJ. Influence of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on skeletal muscle adaptations to resistance exercise in older adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 300: R655-R662, 2011. First published December 15, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00611.2010.-Evidence suggests that consumption of over-the-counter cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors may interfere with the positive effects that resistance exercise training has on reversing sarcopenia in older adults. This study examined the influence of acetaminophen or ibuprofen consumption on muscle mass and strength during 12 wk of knee extensor progressive resistance exercise training in older adults. Thirty-six individuals were randomly assigned to one of three groups and consumed the COX-inhibiting drugs in double-blind placebo-controlled fashion: placebo (67 Ϯ 2 yr; n ϭ 12), acetaminophen (64 Ϯ 1 yr; n ϭ 11; 4 g/day), and ibuprofen (64 Ϯ 1 yr; n ϭ 13; 1.2 g/day). Compliance with the resistance training program (100%) and drug consumption (via digital video observation, 94%), and resistance training intensity were similar (P Ͼ 0.05) for all three groups. Drug consumption unexpectedly increased muscle volume (acetaminophen: 109 Ϯ 14 cm 3 , 12.5%; ibuprofen: 84 Ϯ 10 cm 3 , 10.9%) and muscle strength (acetaminophen: 19 Ϯ 2 kg; ibuprofen: 19 Ϯ 2 kg) to a greater extent (P Ͻ 0.05) than placebo (muscle volume: 69 Ϯ 12 cm 3 , 8.6%; muscle strength: 15 Ϯ 2 kg), when controlling for initial muscle size and strength. Follow-up analysis of muscle biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis before and after training showed muscle protein content, muscle water content, and myosin heavy chain distribution were not influenced (P Ͼ 0.05) by drug consumption. Similarly, muscle content of the two known enzymes potentially targeted by the drugs, COX-1 and -2, was not influenced (P Ͼ 0.05) by drug consumption, although resistance training did result in a drug-independent increase in COX-1 (32 Ϯ 8%; P Ͻ 0.05). Drug consumption did not influence the size of the nonresistance-trained hamstring muscles (P Ͼ 0.05). Over-thecounter doses of acetaminophen or ibuprofen, when consumed in combination with resistance training, do not inhibit and appear to enhance muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in older adults. The present findings coupled with previous short-term exercise studies provide convincing evidence that the COX pathway(s) are involved in the regulation of muscle protein turnover and muscle mass in humans.cyclooxygenase; prostaglandin; sarcopenia SARCOPENIA, DEFINED AS THE loss of skeletal muscle mass, is a debilitating clinical condition associated with old age (13,40). This age-related loss of muscle mass is associated with a loss of muscle strength and function, a reduced functional independence, and a financial burden to the US healthcare system estimated at $20 billion per year (19,23,24,51). One of the most proven treatments for sarcopenia is resistance exercise training, which in...

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“…In contrast, a more recent study shows anabolic resistance of anabolic signaling (i.e., 4E-BP1 and S6K1) and muscle protein synthesis to resistance-type exercise in elderly men compared with young controls, with measurements being performed in the postabsorptive state (74). In addition, it has recently been suggested that gene expression of proteolytic regulators, such as atrogin-1, are elevated in old compared with young muscle at rest, and gene expression increased even further in response to resistance-type exercise in the elderly (101). These findings suggest that the regulation of ubiquitin proteasome-related genes involved with muscle atrophy might be altered in the elderly.…”

Section: Aging and The Anabolic Response To Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Aging, exercise, and muscle protein metabolism

Koopman¹,

Loon²

2009

Journal of Applied Physiology

304

212

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Koopman R, van Loon LJ. Aging, exercise, and muscle protein metabolism. J Appl Physiol 106: 2040 -2048. First published January 8, 2009 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91551.2008Aging is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leading to the loss of functional capacity and an increased risk of developing chronic metabolic disease. The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass is attributed to a disruption in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein turnover, resulting in an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation. As basal (fasting) muscle protein synthesis rates do not seem to differ substantially between the young and elderly, many research groups have started to focus on the muscle protein synthetic response to the main anabolic stimuli, i.e., food intake and physical activity. Recent studies suggest that the muscle protein synthetic response to food intake is blunted in the elderly. The latter is now believed to represent a key factor responsible for the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass. Physical activity and/or exercise stimulate postexercise muscle protein accretion in both the young and elderly. However, the latter largely depends on the timed administration of amino acids and/or protein before, during, and/or after exercise. Prolonged resistance type exercise training represents an effective therapeutic strategy to augment skeletal muscle mass and improve functional performance in the elderly. The latter shows that the ability of the muscle protein synthetic machinery to respond to anabolic stimuli is preserved up to very old age. Research is warranted to elucidate the interaction between nutrition, exercise, and the skeletal muscle adaptive response. The latter is needed to define more effective strategies that will maximize the therapeutic benefits of lifestyle intervention in the elderly. sarcopenia; nutrition; exercise training; muscle hypertrophy AT PRESENT, MANY DISCUSSIONS focus on the public health implications of global aging. The latter should not be a surprise, as demographics show that the world's population aged 60 yr and over will triple within 50 yr, from 600 million in the year 2000 to more than 2 billion by 2050. Two-thirds of the elderly people are presently living in the developed world, and this will continue to rise up to 75%. Due to greater longevity, the subpopulation of elderly people aged 80 yr and over is presently the fastest growing subpopulation in the developed world (130). This global aging will have a major impact on our healthcare system due to increased morbidity and greater need for hospitalization and/or institutionalization. Good health is essential for older people to remain independent and to continue to actively take part in family and community life. Life-long health promotion is warranted to prevent or delay the onset of noncommunicable and chronic metabolic diseases, like heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes.One of the factors that plays an important role in the loss of functional performance and, as...

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Proteolytic Gene Expression Differs At Rest and After Resistance Exercise Between Young and Old Women

Cited by 138 publications

References 42 publications

Muscle protein synthesis and gene expression during recovery from aerobic exercise in the fasted and fed states

Muscle protein synthesis and gene expression during recovery from aerobic exercise in the fasted and fed states

Influence of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on skeletal muscle adaptations to resistance exercise in older adults

Aging, exercise, and muscle protein metabolism

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