Proteomic Analyses of Soybean Root Tips During Germination

Abstract

Plant root systems form complex networks with the surrounding soil environment and are controlled by both internal and external factors. To better understand the function of root tips of soybean during germination, three proteomic techniques were used to analyze the protein profiles of root tip cells. Proteins were extracted from the root tips of 4-dayold soybean seedlings and analyzed using two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis-based proteomics, SDS-gel based proteomics, and gel-free proteomics techniques. A total of 121, 862, and 341 proteins were identified in root tips using the 2D gel-based, SDS gel-based, and gel-free proteomic techniques, respectively. The proteins identified by 2D gel-based proteomic analysis were predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, whereas nuclear-localized proteins were most commonly identified by the SDS gel-based and gel-free proteomics techniques. Of the 862 proteins identified in the SDS gelbased proteomic analysis, 190 were protein synthesis-related proteins. Furthermore, 24 proteins identified using the 2Dgel based proteomic technique shifted between acidic and basic isoelectric points, and 2 proteins, heat shock protein 70.2 and AAA-type ATPase, displayed two different molecular weights at the same isoelectric point. Taken together, these results suggest that a number of proteins related to protein synthesis and modification are activated in the root tips of soybean seedlings during germination.

Root System Architecture and Omics Approaches for Belowground Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

“…During flooding, the concentration of NADH and NAD + is increased and the ATP level decreased, which indicates impairment of the electron transport chain, while the amount of mitochondrial NADH gets increased. Flooding stress modulates the urea cycle and enhances the synthesis of PEP through oxaloacetate produced in the TCA cycle [114]. The intermediate or end product of the metabolic pathways play a vital role in several biochemical processes and phenotypic traits, including root traits [115].…”

Proteomics of Important Food Crops in the Asia Oceania Region: Current Status and Future Perspectives

“…Even though soybean is a recalcitrant plant species, protein extraction protocols have been standardized to achieve optimized 2-DE results in terms of protein spot number and spot intensity. 181 Different tissue-specific proteomic studies have revealed that phenol and tricyclic antidepressant/acetonebased extraction protocols are most suitable for soybean protein extraction. The construction of detailed quantitative soybean proteome reference maps facilitates functional genomic studies and also provides an essential tool for the rapid identification of soybean mutants/transgenic lines.…”

“…Overall, the scenario of soybean proteomics has started to change since the completion of the soybean draft genome sequence. Even though soybean is a recalcitrant plant species, protein extraction protocols have been standardized to achieve optimized 2-DE results in terms of protein spot number and spot intensity . Different tissue-specific proteomic studies have revealed that phenol and tricyclic antidepressant/acetone-based extraction protocols are most suitable for soybean protein extraction.…”