Proteomic Analysis of the Relationship between Metabolism and Nonhost Resistance in Soybean Exposed to Bipolaris maydis

Abstract

Nonhost resistance (NHR) pertains to the most common form of plant resistance against pathogenic microorganisms of other species. Bipolaris maydis is a non-adapted pathogen affecting soybeans, particularly of maize/soybean intercropping systems. However, no experimental evidence has described the immune response of soybeans against B. maydis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying NHR in soybeans, proteomics analysis based on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was performed to identify proteins involved in the soybean response to B. maydis. The spread of B. maydis spores across soybean leaves induced NHR throughout the plant, which mobilized almost all organelles and various metabolic processes in response to B. maydis. Some enzymes, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP), oxygen evolving enhancer (OEE), and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDKs), were found to be related to NHR in soybeans. These enzymes have been identified in previous studies, and STRING analysis showed that most of the protein functions related to major metabolic processes were induced as a response to B. maydis, which suggested an array of complex interactions between soybeans and B. maydis. These findings suggest a systematic NHR against non-adapted pathogens in soybeans. This response was characterized by an overlap between metabolic processes and response to stimulus. Several metabolic processes provide the soybean with innate immunity to the non-adapted pathogen, B. maydis. This research investigation on NHR in soybeans may foster a better understanding of plant innate immunity, as well as the interactions between plant and non-adapted pathogens in intercropping systems.

Integrative transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analysis on the defense response to Magnaporthe oryzae reveals different expression patterns at the molecular level of durably resistant rice cultivar Mowanggu

“…Similarly, a comparative transcriptome studies of resistant rice cultivars Hui1586 and susceptible rice cultivars demonstrated that Perox4 was among the core genes that involved in the regulation of rice response to M. oryzae ( Yang et al., 2021 ). In addition, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-based proteomics of the defense response of soybeans against Bipolaris maydis showed that OEE was tightly associated with occurrence of plant nonhost resistance ( Dong et al., 2015 ). In tobacco, NbOEE2 interacts with the Phytophthora capsici effector RxLR19781 and the loss of NbOEE2 in tobacco alleviates resistance to P. capsica ( Liang et al., 2019 ).…”

Proteomics: a powerful tool to study plant responses to biotic stress

“…Some proteins related to metabolic processes could be coinduced in response to nonhost pathogens. For example, a proteomic study showed that the ability of soybean to respond to Bipolaris maydis stress depends on several metabolic proteins, such as oxygen evolving enhancer (OEE) and mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) [84]. In addition, autophagy-mediated mitochondrial degradation (mitophagy) has important effects on the normal function of mitochondria upon pathogen exposure [82].…”

Macrogenomics-Based Analysis of the Effects of Intercropped Soybean Photosynthetic Characteristics and Nitrogen-Assimilating Enzyme Activities on Yield at Different Nitrogen Levels

“…Rubisco activity is closely related to the carboxylation rate, and the excessive application of nitrogen has an inhibitory effect on the rate of carboxylation. This limits the increase in photosynthetic rate and ultimately reduces the photosynthetic characteristics, adversely affecting soybean yield and dry matter accumulation [ 33 ].…”