Proteomic and Genomic Studies of Micronutrient Deficiency and Toxicity in Plants

Abstract

Micronutrients are essential for plants. Their growth, productivity and reproduction are directly influenced by the supply of micronutrients. Currently, there are eight trace elements considered to be essential for higher plants: Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, B, Mo, and Cl. Possibly, other essential elements could be discovered because of recent advances in nutrient solution culture techniques and in the commercial availability of highly sensitive analytical instrumentation for elemental analysis. Much remains to be learned about the physiology of micronutrient absorption, translocation and deposition in plants, and about the functions they perform in plant growth and development. With the recent advancements in the proteomic and molecular biology tools, researchers have attempted to explore and address some of these questions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of micronutrients in plants and the proteomic/genomic approaches used to study plant nutrient deficiency and toxicity.

MicroRNA: A Dynamic Player from Signalling to Abiotic Tolerance in Plants

“…B is involved in water, sugar and nitrogen metabolism and cell membrane pectin formation. It is also involved in promoting the differentiation of meristematic tissues, the development of flowering organs and seed formation [92][93][94][95][96]. During sulphate limitation, miR395 expression is significantly upregulated.…”

The Role of MicroRNA in Plant Response to Abiotic Stress

“…Mn is an activator of enzymes and a component of chloroplasts. B is involved in water, sugar and nitrogen metabolism and cell membrane pectin formation, it is involved in promoting the differentiation of meristematic tissues, the development of flowering organs and seed formation [85][86][87][88][89]. During sulfate limitation, miR395 expression is significantly upregulated.…”

Effect of NPS Fertilizer, Spraying Nano-NPK+TE and Cerium Oxide NPs on the Qualitative Properties and Bioactive Components of Rice Grains (Oryza Sativa L.)

“…Magnesium is the central atom of the chlorophyll molecule and functions as a cofactor for multiple enzymes like phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and ATPase [8], and Iron contributes to chlorophyll synthesis, despite not being part of its composition, iron forms part of proteins like cytochrome c, ferroxin [9], and Copper is a cofactor for several enzymes such as plastocyanin and superoxide dismutase, copper also contributes to lignin synthesis, pollen formation, and seed formation. Copper inadequacy can cause wilting and lower yields of rice [10,11]. The ground addition of macronutrients works in a mineral form such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur, and during the various growth stages of the plant leads to improving growth and yield by entering in the chemical composition of enzymes, proteins, and cell protoplasm, in addition to improving the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, and carbon metabolism [12].…”