Proteomic investigation of Sri Lankan hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) venom

Tan, Choo Hock; Tan, Nget Hong; Sim, Si Mui; Fung, Shin Yee; Gnanathasan, Christeine Ariaranee

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.11.231

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Snake venom metalloproteinases are proteases usually found in abundance in viper and pit viper venoms (Tan et al, 2015c; Tang et al, 2016). This multi-locus gene protein family encodes various protease subtypes that exhibit different pharmacological activities, most of which are associated with haemorrhage and coagulopathy (Fox & Serrano, 2008, 2009; Markland & Swenson, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative venom gland transcriptomics ofNaja kaouthia(monocled cobra) from Malaysia and Thailand: elucidating geographical venom variation and insights into sequence novelty

Tan

Chanhome

et al. 2017

PeerJ

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) is a medically important venomous snake in Southeast Asia. Its venom has been shown to vary geographically in relation to venom composition and neurotoxic activity, indicating vast diversity of the toxin genes within the species. To investigate the polygenic trait of the venom and its locale-specific variation, we profiled and compared the venom gland transcriptomes of N. kaouthia from Malaysia (NK-M) and Thailand (NK-T) applying next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology.MethodsThe transcriptomes were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform, assembled and followed by transcript clustering and annotations for gene expression and function. Pairwise or multiple sequence alignments were conducted on the toxin genes expressed. Substitution rates were studied for the major toxins co-expressed in NK-M and NK-T.Results and discussionThe toxin transcripts showed high redundancy (41–82% of the total mRNA expression) and comprised 23 gene families expressed in NK-M and NK-T, respectively (22 gene families were co-expressed). Among the venom genes, three-finger toxins (3FTxs) predominated in the expression, with multiple sequences noted. Comparative analysis and selection study revealed that 3FTxs are genetically conserved between the geographical specimens whilst demonstrating distinct differential expression patterns, implying gene up-regulation for selected principal toxins, or alternatively, enhanced transcript degradation or lack of transcription of certain traits. One of the striking features that elucidates the inter-geographical venom variation is the up-regulation of α-neurotoxins (constitutes ∼80.0% of toxin’s fragments per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads (FPKM)), particularly the long-chain α-elapitoxin-Nk2a (48.3%) in NK-T but only 1.7% was noted in NK-M. Instead, short neurotoxin isoforms were up-regulated in NK-M (46.4%). Another distinct transcriptional pattern observed is the exclusively and abundantly expressed cytotoxin CTX-3 in NK-T. The findings suggested correlation with the geographical variation in proteome and toxicity of the venom, and support the call for optimising antivenom production and use in the region. Besides, the current study uncovered full and partial sequences of numerous toxin genes from N. kaouthia which have not been reported hitherto; these include N. kaouthia-specific l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), snake venom serine protease (SVSP), cystatin, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), hyaluronidase (HYA), waprin, phospholipase B (PLB), aminopeptidase (AP), neprilysin, etc. Taken together, the findings further enrich the snake toxin database and provide deeper insights into the genetic diversity of cobra venom toxins.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative venom gland transcriptomics ofNaja kaouthia(monocled cobra) from Malaysia and Thailand: elucidating geographical venom variation and insights into sequence novelty

Tan

Chanhome

et al. 2017

PeerJ

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our knowledge on the proteomes of venom has advanced remarkably since then, shedding light on the improvement of snakebite management as well as drug discovery [26][27][28][29]. To date, the proteomes of a considerable number of medically important venomous snakes have been reported (for examples: [31][32][33][34][35][36]), however, there were limited studies published on the proteome of sea snake venoms [37][38].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The estimation of protein relative abundance was done according to the method described in previous venomic studies (for example: [31,35]). The relative abundance of venom fractions were estimated by peak area measurement using Shimazu LCsolution Software (Japan).…”

Section: Protein Relative Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

Venomics of the beaked sea snake, Hydrophis schistosus: A minimalist toxin arsenal and its cross-neutralization by heterologous antivenoms

Tan

Lim

et al. 2015

Journal of Proteomics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Neurotoxin are yet to be isolated from H. hypnale venom. Recent venom proteomic studies of H. hypnale venom suggested the absence of post-synaptic neurotoxins [14]. However, the venom contained large amounts of phospholipase A 2 toxin, and it is possible that there is a weak pre-synaptic neurotoxin in the venom responsible for this sub-clinical neurotoxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mice envenomed by Hypnale showed reduced motor activity, hypotonia accompanied by muscarinic effects [12]. As seen in most viper venoms [13], H. hypnale venom is rich in phospholipase A 2 toxins and lacks three-finger toxins [14]. The former toxin group includes pre-synaptic neurotoxins while the latter group includes post-synaptic neurotoxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-clinical neuromuscular dysfunction after envenoming by Merrem’s hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale)

Silva

Sedgwick

Weerawansa

et al. 2019

Toxicology Communications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Envenoming by hump-nosed pit vipers (genus Hypnale) causes local effects, mild coagulopathy, and rarely, acute kidney injury. Neuromuscular dysfunction has not been clinically reported but, in vitro studies show a weak, reversible, neurotoxic effect on the neuromuscular junction. We investigated the neuromuscular dysfunction in H. hypnale envenoming. Eighteen patients with authenticated H. hypnale envenoming were included. All 18 had serial clinical and neurological examinations. We evaluated neuromuscular dysfunction using stimulated concentric needle single-fibre electromyography (sfEMG) of orbicularis oculi in the patients within two days of the bite and compared to 29 normal subjects. Patients with abnormal jitter were reviewed six weeks later. All 18 patients had local effects and one-third had non-specific systemic symptoms. No patient had clinical features of neuromuscular paralysis. Median jitter values of patients were statistically significantly higher than normal subjects (19.6 ± 13.0 ms compared with 15.6 ± 7.4 ms.). None of the patients or normal subjects had neuromuscular blocks. Three patients had median jitter values higher than the maximum in normal subjects, which returned to normal by six weeks. H. hypnale envenoming leads to sub-clinical neuromuscular dysfunction, despite patients not showing any clinically detectable neurotoxicity.

show abstract

Proteomic investigation of Sri Lankan hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) venom

Cited by 46 publications

References 49 publications

Comparative venom gland transcriptomics ofNaja kaouthia(monocled cobra) from Malaysia and Thailand: elucidating geographical venom variation and insights into sequence novelty

Comparative venom gland transcriptomics ofNaja kaouthia(monocled cobra) from Malaysia and Thailand: elucidating geographical venom variation and insights into sequence novelty

Venomics of the beaked sea snake, Hydrophis schistosus: A minimalist toxin arsenal and its cross-neutralization by heterologous antivenoms

Sub-clinical neuromuscular dysfunction after envenoming by Merrem’s hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About