Proteomic Profiling of Regionalized Proteins in Rat Epididymis Indicates Consistency between Specialized Distribution and Protein Functions

Yuan, Hai‐Xin; Liu, Aihua; Zhang, Li; Zhou, Hu; Wang, Yiguo; Zhang, Hong; Wang, Guoquan; Zeng, Rong; Zhang, Yonglian; Chen, Zhengjun

doi:10.1021/pr050324s

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Several groups, including ours, have extensively used microarrays to identify genes expressed in the various epididymal segments and under different regulatory factors in the mouse, rat, and human (Ezer & Robaire 2003, Hsia & Cornwall 2004, Sipilä et al 2006, Turner et al 2007). In addition, proteomics has been utilized by many groups to reveal total protein profiles (proteome) or the secretory proteins (secretome) in the epididymides of rat, stallion, boar, and human (Syntin et al 1996, Fouchecourt et al 2000, Dacheux et al 2006, Yuan et al 2006. It is currently also possible to use imaging mass spectrometry with which one can investigate the protein content of biological tissue sections at the cellular level in direct correlation with the underlying histology.…”

Section: Methods For Identifying Putative Epididymal Target Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel epididymal proteins as targets for the development of post-testicular male contraception

Sipilä

Jalkanen²,

Huhtaniemi³

et al. 2009

Reproduction

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Apart from condoms and vasectomy, modern contraceptive methods for men are still not available. Besides hormonal approaches to stop testicular sperm production, the post-meiotic blockage of epididymal sperm maturation carries lots of promise. Microarray and proteomics techniques and libraries of expressed sequence tags, in combination with digital differential display tools and publicly available gene expression databases, are being currently used to identify and characterize novel epididymal proteins as putative targets for male contraception. The data reported indicate that these technologies provide complementary information for the identification of novel highly expressed genes in the epididymis. Deleting the gene of interest by targeted ablation technology in mice or using immunization against the cognate protein are the two preferred methods to functionally validate the function of novel genes in vivo. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of several epididymal proteins shown either in vivo or in vitro to be involved in the epididymal sperm maturation. These proteins include CRISP1, SPAG11e, DEFB126, carbonyl reductase P34H, CD52, and GPR64. In addition, we introduce novel proteinases and protease inhibitor gene families with potentially important roles in regulating the sperm maturation process. Furthermore, potential contraceptive strategies as well as delivery methods will be discussed. Despite the progress made in recent years, further studies are needed to reveal further details in the epididymal sperm maturation process and the factors involved, in order to facilitate the development of new epididymal contraceptives.

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Section: Methods For Identifying Putative Epididymal Target Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel epididymal proteins as targets for the development of post-testicular male contraception

Sipilä

Jalkanen²,

Huhtaniemi³

et al. 2009

Reproduction

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“…At this moment, we are unable to explain the reason for the fact that at protein level leptin and OBR are more expressed in the caput while at mRNA level both are more expressed in cauda region. It suggests that leptin may act in a region specific way, as has been described in reference to other proteins (Yuan et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Epididymis is a very specialized organ divided in 4 major regions (initial segment, caput, corpus and cauda) and 5 different cells types (principal, clear, halo, basal and apical cells) (Cornwall, 2009). Each region has the potential to secrete and reabsorb different types and amounts of proteins (Liu et al, 2015), working as an independent environment, having an effect on spermatozoa maturation (Yuan et al, 2006) and epithelia local regulation (Shum et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin and Leptin Receptor are Expressed only in Clear Cells of Rat Epididymis Epithelia

Gombar

Ramos

2017

Int. J. Morphol.

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leptin receptor are expressed only in clear cells of rat epididymis epithelia. Int. J. Morphol., 35(4):1303Morphol., 35(4): -1308Morphol., 35(4): , 2017. SUMMARY:Leptin is a 16 kilodaltons hormone secreted by adipose tissue and in the past few years it has been related to the reproductive system regulation. Leptin and its receptor (OBR) have been described in several reproductive organs and in different species but, in epididymis, there is still a lack of information. The aim of this work is to establish if leptin and its receptor are present on epididymis and where the production is occurring. At mRNA level the cauda portion showed a high expression of leptin (p<0.025) and OBRa (p<0.002) while at protein level the OBR expression was lower in cauda region (p<0.025) and leptin was not detected. The ratio between OBRa and OBRb was higher in both regions despite its total amount. By immunohistochemistry leptin and OBR were detected on epididymis epithelia, restricted to clear cells (CC). After efferent duct ligation (EDL) a decrease on leptin staining on CC was observed, suggesting that despite of epididymis production, most of leptin source may probably come from testis. Our results show that leptin and OBR, both mRNA and protein, are present on epididymis and exclusively in CC, suggesting that this tissue is responsive to the hormone and may have an important role on CC regulation.

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“…9,10 The dramatic recent progress made in the management of male infertility is largely attributable to the improved microsurgical techniques for the repair of reproductive tract obstruction. 11 However, natural pregnancy occurs in only 15%-50% of these cases after repair of the reproductive tract obstruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of reproductive tract obstruction on expression of epididymal proteins and their restoration after patency

Wang²,

Liu³

et al. 2012

Asian J Androl

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Vasectomy is a simple and reliable method of male contraception. A growing number of men after vasectomy request vasectomy reversal due to various reasons. The pregnancy rate is lower than the patency rate after vasovasostomy and the pregnancy rate is time dependent. In this study, we evaluated the influence of reproductive tract obstruction on expression of epididymal proteins and their restoration after patency. Adult male Wistar rats were studied 30, 60 and 120 days after vasectomy, 30 days after vasovasostomy or after sham operations. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass-spectrometric technique, multidatabase search, Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to analyze the expression regulation of epididymal proteins. Total integrated intensity and total spot area of autoradiograms showed a consistent downward trend with time after obstruction, and this trend remained after patency. The intensity of the autoradiographic spots in three patency groups showed three trends: a downward trend, similar intensity and an upward trend compared with the correspondent obstruction group, respectively. Further verified experiments on human epididymis 2 (HE2), fertilization antigen-1 (FA-1), clusterin and PH20 demonstrated that compared with the correspondent obstruction group, the translation levels of HE2 and the mRNA transcription levels of HE2 showed an upward trend in patency groups, especially in the groups of obstruction for 60 days where the expression levels of HE2 were significantly upregulated after patency (P,0.05). Reproductive tract obstruction provokes a disregulation of gene expression in the epididymis and this disregulation remained after patency. Successful reversal may recover some proteins and the recovery is time dependent. Obstruction differentially alters mRNA transcription of different proteins and the content of proteins seemed to be easier to be influenced than the gene transcription. Vasovasostomy by modern microsurgical techniques remains the standard technique for vasectomy reversal with which all other methods of vasectomy reversal are compared. If success is defined that sperm can be detected in ejaculate following reversal, patency is over 80% in most microsurgical series, with patency approaching 100% in some reports. 1 However, pregnancies are obtained without assisted reproduction in 30%-75% of couples. 2 In other words, about 25% of couples are affected. Male factors account for about 50% of couples with infertility. 3 Approximately 10%-15% of infertile men suffer from azoospermia-complete absence of sperms in the ejaculate. Among these azoospermic patients, approximately 40% have complete obstruction in the ductal system and hence suffer from obstructive azoospermia. 4 Vasoepididymostomy is performed for congenital, infectious, postvasectomy or idiopathic epididymal obstruction. Following this type of microsurgery, 20%-40% of couples achieve pregnancy through intercourse without the assistance of reproductive techniques. 2 Similar to vasectomy reversal, the pregnancy rate is mu...

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Proteomic Profiling of Regionalized Proteins in Rat Epididymis Indicates Consistency between Specialized Distribution and Protein Functions

Cited by 32 publications

References 47 publications

Novel epididymal proteins as targets for the development of post-testicular male contraception

Novel epididymal proteins as targets for the development of post-testicular male contraception

Leptin and Leptin Receptor are Expressed only in Clear Cells of Rat Epididymis Epithelia

Influence of reproductive tract obstruction on expression of epididymal proteins and their restoration after patency

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