Cryptococcus neoformans, a pathogenic yeast, causes
meningoencephalitis, especially in immunocompromised patients, leading
in some cases to death. Microbes in biofilms can cause persistent
infections, which are harder to treat. Cryptococcal biofilms are becoming
common due to the growing use of brain valves and other medical devices.
Using shotgun proteomics we determine the differences in protein abundance
between biofilm and planktonic cells. Applying bioinformatic tools,
we also evaluated the metabolic pathways involved in biofilm maintenance
and protein interactions. Our proteomic data suggest general changes
in metabolism, protein turnover, and global stress responses. Biofilm
cells show an increase in proteins related to oxidation–reduction,
proteolysis, and response to stress and a reduction in proteins related
to metabolic process, transport, and translation. An increase in pyruvate-utilizing
enzymes was detected, suggesting a shift from the TCA cycle to fermentation-derived
energy acquisition. Additionally, we assign putative roles to 33 proteins
previously categorized as hypothetical. Many changes in metabolic
enzymes were identified in studies of bacterial biofilm, potentially
revealing a conserved strategy in biofilm lifestyle.