Proteomic response of barley leaves to salinity

Abstract

Drought and salinity stresses are adverse environmental factors that affect crop growth and yield. Proteomic analysis offers a new approach to identify a broad spectrum of genes that are expressed in living system. We applied this technique to investigate protein changes that were induced by salinity in barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.), Afzal, as a salt-tolerant genotype and L-527, as a salt-sensitive genotype. The seeds of two genotypes were sown in pot under controlled condition of greenhouse, using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Salt stress was imposed at seedling stage and leaves were collected from control and salt-stressed plant. The Na(+) and K(+) concentrations in leaves changed significantly in response to short-term stress. About 850 spots were reproducibly detected and analyzed on 2-DE gels. Of these, 117 proteins showed significant change under salinity condition in at least one of the genotypes. Mass spectrometry analysis using MALDI-TOF/TOF led to the identification some proteins involved in several salt responsive mechanisms which may increase plant adaptation to salt stress including higher constitutive expression level and upregulation of antioxidant, upregulation of protein involved in signal transduction, protein biosynthesis, ATP generation and photosynthesis. These findings may enhance our understanding of plant molecular response to salinity.

Internal standards for quantitative RT-PCR studies of gene expression under drought treatment in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): the effects of developmental stage and leaf age

“…These results are contrary to the results of other studies in which the stability of EF1 expression under drought and other abiotic stresses was proved (Faccioli et al 2007;Nicot et al 2005;Wan et al 2010). In fact this may be surprising due to large changes in protein metabolism observed under different abiotic stress conditions (Kosmala et al 2009;Rasoulnia et al 2010). One of the stressinduced proteins is HSP90.…”

Effect of salinity stress on plants and its tolerance strategies: a review

“…Besides activation of Rubisco, Rubisco activase also reveals a chaperone function under stress (Kim et al 2005;Fatehi et al 2012). Similarly, an increased relative abundance of OEE2 protein was found in salt-treated barley (Rasoulnia et al 2011;Fatehi et al 2012), possibly as a compensation for stress-induced damage of PSII core. An enhanced abundance of ferredoxin NADPH reductase, 23 kDa polypeptide of PSII and the FtsHlike protein has been observed in salt-exposed maize chloroplast fraction which may be due to adverse impacts of Na + on photosynthetic electron transport chain (Zörb et al 2009).…”

“…Consistent with the aim to maintain low levels of free intracellular Fe, an increased abundance of ferritin, an Fe-binding protein, was found in salt-treated rice (Kim et al 2005), Arabidopsis cell culture (Ndimba et al 2005) and tomato ) seedlings, and accumulation of triplicated transferrin-like protein was detected in Dunaliella salina (Liska et al 2004). An elevated abundance of magnesium chelatase, an enzyme involved in incorporating magnesium into chlorophyll structure which catalyses the first unique step of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, has been found in salt-treated barley (Rasoulnia et al 2011). Salt stress also causes an augmentation of several proteins with protective functions such as chaperones from HSP90 family in tomato roots (Manaa et al 2011) and HSP 70 family, Hsc70 (heat-shock cognate) proteins in A. thaliana (Pang et al 2010) and P. patens (Wang et al 2008a), DnaK protein, and others in salt-treated rice seedlings (Kim et al 2005;Chitteti and Peng 2007) or Arabidopsis cell culture (Ndimba et al 2005).…”

Responses of two barley cultivars differing in their salt tolerance to moderate and high salinities and subsequent recovery

“…At metabolite level, proline accumulation in leaf tissues was selected for salinity tolerance assessment since proline is an important nontoxic N-containing low-molecular mass osmo-protectant accumulating to high amounts in barley during osmotic adjustment (Voetberg andStewart 1984, Munns 2005). Several complex transcriptomic and proteomic studies have been published on barley response to salinity (Ozturk et al 2002, Walia et al 2009, Rasoulnia et al 2011 which have significantly contributed to the identification of key transcript and protein accumulation patterns under salt stress. However, a selection of only a few key parameters (WSD, ψ s , F v /F m , proline and dehydrin content) could be useful for the characterization of plant stress response as well as their ability to recover following the stress.…”