Proto-Indo-European Glottalic Stops: The Comparative Evidence

Kortlandt, Frederik

doi:10.1515/flih.1985.6.2.183

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This is so because the change T > D does not go anymore against the 'main direction' (see section 2.4), i.e. act 3 of Grimm's Law, which has now become T' > T. This assumption, which has been endorsed by Kortlandt (1985), solves three major problems mentioned in section 3: that of the relative chronology of the laws of Grimm and Verner, that of the non-monotonicity of the shifts, as well as that of the non-application of occlusivization to s. Fourthly, it can now be assumed that a spirantization process has applied to certain voiced stops, rather than that a less likely occlusivation process applied to voiced fricatives. Thus, the diagram of the Germanic sound changes in (9) can now be modified and simplified: Grimm's Law and Verner's Law under the Glottalic Theory and the relative ordering proposed by Vennemann (1984) PIE…”

Section: The Position Of Proto-germanic and Sanskrit Compared To Protmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Due to the typological improbability of the classic view on the PIE obstruent inventory (as mentioned in the previous section), this view has come increasingly under attack. Emonds (1972), Hopper (1973Hopper ( , 1997aHopper ( , b, 1982, Gamkredlidze & Ivanov (1973, 1995, Haudricourt (1975), Vennemann (1984), Kortlandt (1985Kortlandt ( , 1988 and Haider (1985) have all produced alternatives to the classic inventory, whereby, with the exceptions of Emonds and Haider, the voiced stops were replaced by voiceless glottalized stops (ejectives). 12 These models are subsumed under the name of 'Glottalic Theory'.…”

Section: The Position Of Proto-germanic and Sanskrit Compared To Protmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Grimm-Verner push chain and Contrast Preservation Theory

Noske¹

2012

Phonological Explorations

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for valuable discussions and suggestions. I also wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. Remaining errors are mine. The analysis presented in this paper was presented in various stages of development to audiences in Amsterdam, Lille, Nantes, Orléans, Gniezno and Manchester. 1 "Man mag die lautverschiebung passend wagen vergleichen, die in einem kreise umlaufen: sobald ein rad die stelle des vorangehenden erreicht ist seine eigne bereits von einem folgenden eingenommen, aber keins ereilt das andere, bei ihrer bewegung kann nirgend raum bleiben, der nicht alsbald ausgefüllt würde."

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Section: The Position Of Proto-germanic and Sanskrit Compared To Protmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: The Position Of Proto-germanic and Sanskrit Compared To Protmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Grimm-Verner push chain and Contrast Preservation Theory

Noske¹

2012

Phonological Explorations

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“…The antiquity of the English glottal stop is corroborated by glottalization in Danish, Latvian, Lithuanian, Armenian and Sindhi, and supported by indirect evidence from Indo-Iranian, Greek, Latin and Slavic (cf. Kortlandt 1985). This exemplifies once more the importance of re-examining time and again the primary data in linguistic reconstruction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

How Old is the English Glottal Stop?

Kortlandt¹

1997

NOWELE

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“…Instead, I propose that Type IV is derived directly from Type I to which it is always adjacent. This has been considered impossible by Kortlandt (: 190–191), because the devoicing of the third series before de‐aspiration would cause a merger with the first series and the opposite (de‐aspiration before devoicing) would cause a merger with the second series. In reality, however, these predicted mergers are an artifact of the distinctive features linguists posit.…”

Section: Type IV Descendant From Type Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Two problems in Armenian phonology

Baronian

2017

Language and Linguist. Compass

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The author surveys 2 major phenomena in Armenian phonology. The first is schwa epenthesis in Western Armenian, which is known to break up the impressive consonant clusters of the language. Before looking at the synchronically epenthetic schwas in Western Armenian, it is important to first distinguish schwas that are unambiguously part of lexical representations then to recognize schwas that have led, over time, to different allomorphs. A fourth category is left to explain: schwas that break up attested clusters, but only in derived morphological environments. After listing known facts about the syllabic nature of Armenian, the author shows that motivated prosodic specifications can account for the derived environment schwas (simplifying somewhat the previous account by Vaux, ). The second phonological phenomenon surveyed is the voicing and aspiration patterns found in Armenian dialects. While the patterns neatly divide the linguistic domain into seven groups, the standard classifications rely on present‐tense formation as a primary divider between larger groups of dialects. The author, however, highlights that the phonological division between voicing and aspiration patterns should be considered a more fundamental one, once textbook notions of geolinguistics are applied to reduce the 7‐way division to a more ancient 3‐way division of dialects. Indeed, sound change is a more common type of innovation used for grouping related languages and dialects, and the territorial divisions thus obtained correspond to more ancient political divisions than the morphological ones.

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Proto-Indo-European Glottalic Stops: The Comparative Evidence

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

The Grimm-Verner push chain and Contrast Preservation Theory

The Grimm-Verner push chain and Contrast Preservation Theory

How Old is the English Glottal Stop?

Two problems in Armenian phonology

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