Protocol: A randomised controlled trial evaluation of Cancer Focus NI’s ‘Dead Cool’ smoking prevention programme in post-primary schools

Dunne, Laura; Thurston, Allen; Gildea, Aideen; Kee, Frank; Lazenbatt, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2015.06.009

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Dead Cool is a smoking prevention intervention for pupils aged 12-13 years old designed by Cancer Focus Northern Ireland (a local cancer charity) (22,37). The intervention is designed to be delivered by teachers and consists of eight lesson plans and an accompanying DVD of short video clips to supplement each lesson.…”

Section: Dead Cool Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a 3-days session delivered by Evidence to Impact. The Dead Cool intervention was delivered by teachers in participating schools with an introductory session delivered by a Cancer Focus Northern Ireland employee (22,37). In Bogotá, Dead Cool was delivered by trainers from the Universidad de Los Andes.…”

Section: Intervention Delivery and Fidelity Checkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At baseline and 1 week after the end of the intervention period, pupils were asked four questions about their current and past smoking behavior. Each question has a unique scaled response appropriate to the question being asked and has been used in previous studies (37,50).…”

Section: Smoking Behavior (Past and Present)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to advertising in the media was assessed with the 7-items scale outlined in Stigler et al (61) in Northern Ireland and using a 12-item scale in Colombia, according to the advertising context. An additional item was used to assess Exposure to advertising in shops (37).…”

Section: Hypothesized Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At baseline and 1 week after the end of the intervention period, pupils were asked questions about social networks in their year group (i.e., closest school friends (37), relationship quality, friends who he/she spends most time with outside of school, influential peers) (24). The following final question was added only at follow-up "Can you remember having any conversations with your friends about the risks and benefits of smoking over the past 6 months?…”

Section: Social Network and Pro-socialitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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MECHANISMS Study: Using Game Theory to Assess the Effects of Social Norms and Social Networks on Adolescent Smoking in Schools—Study Protocol

Hunter

Montes

Murray

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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This proof of concept study harnesses novel transdisciplinary insights to contrast two school-based smoking prevention interventions among adolescents in the UK and Colombia. We compare schools in these locations because smoking rates and norms are different, in order to better understand social norms based mechanisms of action related to smoking. We aim to: (1) improve the measurement of social norms for smoking behaviors in adolescents and reveal how they spread in schools; (2) to better characterize the mechanisms of action of smoking prevention interventions in schools, learning lessons for future intervention research. The A Stop Smoking in Schools Trial (ASSIST) intervention harnesses peer influence, while the Dead Cool intervention uses classroom pedagogy. Both interventions were originally developed in the UK but culturally adapted for a Colombian setting. In a before and after design, we will obtain psychosocial, friendship, and behavioral data (e.g., attitudes and intentions toward smoking and vaping) from ∼300 students in three schools for each intervention in the UK and the same number in Colombia (i.e., ∼1,200 participants in total). Pre-intervention, participants take part in a Rule Following task, and in Coordination Games that allow us to assess their judgments about the social appropriateness of a range of smoking-related and unrelated behaviors, and elicit individual sensitivity to social norms. After the interventions, these behavioral economic experiments are repeated, so we can assess how social norms related to smoking have changed, how sensitivity to classroom and school year Hunter et al. MECHANISMS Study group norms have changed and how individual changes are related to changes among friends. This Game Theoretic approach allows us to estimate proxies for norms and norm sensitivity parameters and to test for the influence of individual student attributes and their social networks within a Markov Chain Monte Carlo modeling framework. We identify hypothesized mechanisms by triangulating results with qualitative data from participants. The MECHANISMS study is innovative in the interplay of Game Theory and longitudinal social network analytical approaches, and in its transdisciplinary research approach. This study will help us to better understand the mechanisms of smoking prevention interventions in high and middle income settings.

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Section: Dead Cool Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intervention Delivery and Fidelity Checkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smoking Behavior (Past and Present)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesized Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Network and Pro-socialitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

MECHANISMS Study: Using Game Theory to Assess the Effects of Social Norms and Social Networks on Adolescent Smoking in Schools—Study Protocol

Hunter

Montes

Murray

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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A randomized controlled efficacy trial of a smoking prevention programme with Grade 8 students in high schools

Thurston

Dunne

Kee

et al. 2019

International Journal of Educational Research

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Acknowledgements and Statements of Funding The work was funded through an open competition grant from Public Health Agency (PHA). The work was managed through the PHA, but part of the funding came from Cancer Focus NI. Queen's University Belfast evaluated Dead Cool independently from Cancer Focus NI, who played no part in identifying the main outcome measures, data collection or data analysis. We would especially like to thank the young people and school personnel who participated in the study, without their time and commitment this research would not have been possible.

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Confirmatory factor analysis comparing incentivized experiments with self-report methods to elicit adolescent smoking and vaping social norms

Murray

Kimbrough

Krupka

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Many adolescent smoking prevention programmes target social norms, typically evaluated with self-report, susceptible to social desirability bias. An alternative approach with little application in public health are experimental norms elicitation methods. Using the Mechanisms of Networks and Norms Influence on Smoking in Schools (MECHANISMS) study baseline data, from 12–13 year old school pupils (n = 1656) in Northern Ireland and Bogotá (Colombia), we compare two methods of measuring injunctive and descriptive smoking and vaping norms: (1) incentivized experiments, using monetary payments to elicit norms; (2) self-report scales. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) examined whether the methods measured the same construct. Paths from exposures (country, sex, personality) to social norms, and associations of norms with (self-reported and objectively measured) smoking behavior/intentions were inspected in another structural model. Second-order CFA showed that latent variables representing experimental and survey norms measurements were measuring the same underlying construct of anti-smoking/vaping norms (Comparative Fit Index = 0.958, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.951, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.030, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.034). Adding covariates into a structural model showed significant paths from country to norms (second-order anti-smoking/vaping norms latent variable: standardized factor loading [β] = 0.30, standard error [SE] = 0.09, p < 0.001), and associations of norms with self-reported anti-smoking behavior (β = 0.40, SE = 0.04, p < 0.001), self-reported anti-smoking intentions (β = 0.42, SE = 0.06, p < 0.001), and objectively measured smoking behavior (β = − 0.20, SE = 0.06, p = 0.001). This paper offers evidence for the construct validity of behavioral economic methods of eliciting adolescent smoking and vaping norms. These methods seem to index the same underlying phenomena as commonly-used self-report scales.

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Protocol: A randomised controlled trial evaluation of Cancer Focus NI’s ‘Dead Cool’ smoking prevention programme in post-primary schools

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

MECHANISMS Study: Using Game Theory to Assess the Effects of Social Norms and Social Networks on Adolescent Smoking in Schools—Study Protocol

MECHANISMS Study: Using Game Theory to Assess the Effects of Social Norms and Social Networks on Adolescent Smoking in Schools—Study Protocol

A randomized controlled efficacy trial of a smoking prevention programme with Grade 8 students in high schools

Confirmatory factor analysis comparing incentivized experiments with self-report methods to elicit adolescent smoking and vaping social norms

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