Protocol Analysis as a Tool for Behavior Analysis

Austin, John; Delaney, Peter F.

doi:10.1007/bf03392922

Cited by 70 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Think-aloud protocol is used to examine cognitive psychology thinking (Crutcher, 1994), cognitive science (Simon & Kaplan, 1989), and analyzing behavior (Austin & Delaney, 1998), educational psychology (Pressley & Afflerbach, 1995;Renkl, 1997) and design research (Gero & McNeill, 1998) by asking participants to verbalize their thoughts when reading, or answering to questions proposed by teachers. Learners might verbalize explanation, questions, try to predict, or draw conclusions.…”

Section: X-test and Think Aloud Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

How EFL Learners Fill in the Blanks of an X-test: Think-Aloud Protocol

Ashraf¹,

Yazdi²,

Samir³

2017

IJEL

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Since SLA literature remains researchers unaware of the mental processes involved in the X-Test taking (in contrast to C-Test which there are plenty of available related studies), this article aims at exploring cognitive strategies that EFL learners may use while answering an English X-test, which like the C-Test has been modified, adapted and used in many research papers. To this aim, thirty EFL respondents from Mashhad, Iran, were randomly asked to answer a reliable and valid X-test. All of them participated in introspective methods of think-aloud and retrospective interviews during and after the test administration. To analyze the data only the exact word scoring procedure was employed. The results showed participants used various cognitive strategies in taking the X-Test. It was also revealed that respondents experienced more strategies when filling out an X-Test comparing to related literature of C-test, which could be an indicator of the importance job of cognition in X-Test taking. It is hoped that the article can shed light on the underling cognitive strategies that English language learners' use, and provide a chance for educators who want to better understand the learners' cognitive processes in order to assist them identify problems and improve their English instruction.

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Section: X-test and Think Aloud Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

How EFL Learners Fill in the Blanks of an X-test: Think-Aloud Protocol

Ashraf¹,

Yazdi²,

Samir³

2017

IJEL

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“…Concurrent think-aloud protocol, in which people verbalise their thoughts while they are carrying out tasks, is frequently used (Austin and Delaney, 1998;Nielsen et al, 2002). Observation can also be used to gather data about users' context, tasks, and goals (Baber and Stanton, 1996;Lazar et al, 2011).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Platform Cross-Cultural User Experience

Majrashi

Hamilton

Uitdenbogerd

2016

Electronic Workshops in Computing

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Many interactive systems can be accessed across a range of different platforms, enabling crossplatform services and allowing users to migrate their tasks from one platform to another. The aim of this study is to investigate the culture-related experiential side of using multiple interactive systems across platforms by studying users from different cultural backgrounds. In this paper, we present our findings from a user study of five cross-platform services. We conducted the user study in Australia and Saudi Arabia. Participants in Australia and Saudi Arabia interacted with English and Arabic versions of the services respectively. We used think-aloud protocol, observation and questionnaires to gather data. During our experiments, each participant performed a set of inter-related tasks using a cross-platform service across two devices: laptop and mobile phone. We identified five objective cultural factors (direction, translation, meaning of icons, formatting, and typing interface) that influence cross-platform user experience. The power distance and uncertainty avoidance subjective cultural dimensions also influenced user perception of cross-platform services. Based on our findings and analyses, we propose a design model that encompasses these cultural factors to guide designing international cross-platform services.

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“…Different questionnaires and methods have been proposed in order to break down this subjective experience into objective parameters. In the area of mental imagery, experiments were devised to objectively study the properties of mental processes through behaviour analysis [23] or the process of thinking aloud [24]. In our experiment we chose a verbal descriptive task, thus ensuring availability of protocols and thus used 'protocol analysis'.…”

Section: Analyzing Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

Presence in Visual Mental Imagery

Pillai

Athavankar

Schmidt

et al. 2013

Advances in Visual Informatics

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‘Presence’, the sense of being inside a virtual environment evoked with the help of computer mediation, has come to be a subject well explored in the field of virtual reality. Studies on mental imagery confirm that we can intuitively evoke objects and spaces in our minds and interact with them temporally. We believe that a sense of presence could be experienced in such self-evoked reality as well. This paper explores the experience of presence in visual mental imagery. We studied verbal expressions, physical movements and gestures, exhibited during mental imagery experiences in two scenarios - a guiding task and a mental walk exercise. A ‘protocol analysis’ was performed followed by analysis of time taken and mapping of physical movements. The results evidently point to this spatio-temporal phenomenon of experiencing presence. Furthermore, we present a comparative review on the sense of presence experienced during mental imagery and virtual reality.International audience‘Presence’, the sense of being inside a virtual environment evoked with the help of computer mediation, has come to be a subject well explored in the field of virtual reality. Studies on mental imagery confirm that we can intuitively evoke objects and spaces in our minds and interact with them temporally. We believe that a sense of presence could be experienced in such self-evoked reality as well. This paper explores the experience of presence in visual mental imagery. We studied verbal expressions, physical movements and gestures, exhibited during mental imagery experiences in two scenarios - a guiding task and a mental walk exercise. A ‘protocol analysis’ was performed followed by analysis of time taken and mapping of physical movements. The results evidently point to this spatio-temporal phenomenon of experiencing presence. Furthermore, we present a comparative review on the sense of presence experienced during mental imagery and virtual reality

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Protocol Analysis as a Tool for Behavior Analysis

Cited by 70 publications

References 49 publications

How EFL Learners Fill in the Blanks of an X-test: Think-Aloud Protocol

How EFL Learners Fill in the Blanks of an X-test: Think-Aloud Protocol

Cross-Platform Cross-Cultural User Experience

Presence in Visual Mental Imagery

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