Protocol for reviving Springs in the Hindu Kush Himalayas: A Practitioner's Manual

Shrestha, Robik; Desai, Jigna; Mukherji, Anisha Shekhar; Dhakal, M.; Kulkarni, H. Y.; Mahamuni, K.; Bhuchar, Suman; Bajracharya, Sharareh

doi:10.53055/icimod.735

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Water discharge was measured using a graduated measuring cylinder and a stopwatch. The bucket-and-stopwatch method was implemented to calculate the discharge in the pipes, as discussed in [17]. Since temperature varies depending on the system's viscosity and density, the nominal temperature of the flow was estimated using a thermometer.…”

Section: Experimental Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The head loss gradient (𝐽) was set to a limit of 2 m/100 m as the head loss per unit length. As suggested in [26], the head loss gradient was related to the friction head loss using the relation in (17).…”

Section: Fair-whipple-hsiao's Model (F-w-h Model)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [16], an approach based on computer programming was applied to select the optimal pipe diameter by incorporating various operating and capital costs. In [17], the authors addressed different methods for measuring spring discharges. They also discussed the various applications in which these methods can be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison and Validation of Models for the Design of Optimal Economic Pipe Diameters: A Case Study in the Anseba Region, Eritrea

Arumugam

Sobana²,

Kibrom

et al. 2021

TecnoL.

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An optimal design for a pressurized flow pipe network is characterized by being economical and contributing the least amount of losses during water transmission through the system. The diameter of a pipe in a network system that delivers the desired effect with the minimum amount of waste and expenses is referred to as an optimal pipe size. The Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) model is widely recognized as the recommended standard technique to estimate the optimal pipe size for any pipe flow network system. Numerous empirical formulas have been proposed to simplify the computations required in this economic analysis model. This study seeks to compare the various empirical models that have been proposed by different authors based on a variety of physical variables involved in fluid flow dynamics. Eleven different empirical equations were chosen in order to select the optimal diameter for the network at the Hamelmalo Agricultural College farm located in the Anseba region of Eritrea for the distribution of water to the different sub-plots. The estimated diameters were compared to the standard diameter calculated using the standard LCCA method. This comparison was based on the estimated total head losses and economic analysis of the pipe diameters chosen for such network. Moreover, a statistical analysis was conducted to obtain the best-fit recommended modeled diameter for the network. The Bresse’s model performance was the most adequate when compared with the LCCA model.

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Section: Experimental Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fair-whipple-hsiao's Model (F-w-h Model)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison and Validation of Models for the Design of Optimal Economic Pipe Diameters: A Case Study in the Anseba Region, Eritrea

Arumugam

Sobana²,

Kibrom

et al. 2021

TecnoL.

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“…Current understanding on spring hydrogeological processes in the Himalayas is inadequate, occurrence of springs is poorly understood, and watershed management stemming from inadequate understanding would not solve water scarcity challenge (Shrestha et al, 2018;Tarafdar et al, 2019). Water source protection is one of the programs under watershed management to increase spring discharge (DSCWM, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional watershed management approach (ridge to valley) has been found ineffective to enhance spring discharge in many cases (Rijal, 2016). The recharge area of a spring may lie within a watershed or back side of a watershed or multiple watersheds depending upon the local geology (Shrestha et al, 2018). Since the source of spring water is mainly determined by aquifer characteristics rather than surface topography, spring-shed is the potential recharge area of a spring and hence it differs from watershed (Shrestha et al, 2018;Tarafdar et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identifying potential recharge areas of mountain springs through hydrogeological mapping

Thapa,

Subedi,

Desai

et al. 2023

Banko

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Springs are the primary source of water for the people inhabiting in the hills and mountain regions of Nepal. Climate variability, climate change, land use change and management factors together with various human activities including haphazard infrastructure development like urbanization and road construction over the recharge area are responsible for drying up of springs in the hills and mountains, especially in the mid-hill region of Nepal. This study attempts to identify the potential recharge zones of the springs within the four catchments viz. Banlekh and Shikharpur of Baitadi and Doti districts, respectively in far-western Nepal, and the Khaste and Begnas of Kaski district in western Nepal through hydrogeological mapping. Hydrogeological Conceptual Model was adopted while identifying the potential recharge areas. We measured the orientation of the rock outcrops, their types, and discontinuities found around the possible recharge areas. We prepared a conceptual hydro-geological layout of the spring-sheds based on the collected data, and delineated the potential recharge areas. We found the potential recharge zone of the Banlekh Springs at hill slopes and bedding plane within the catchment. However, the recharge zone of the Shikharpur Springs was found on the top and beyond the catchment due to the presence of a number of sinkholes. Moreover, the recharge zone of the Thulopadhero Spring was found to be controlled by the orientation of the rocks and fractures found in the unconsolidated sediments within the catchment and beyond the ridge of the escarpment. The rock orientation within the Falekund-Saunepani-Lapsibot Catchment suggests that the potential recharge zone of the springs consists of unconsolidated sediments. The identified potential recharge areas, the observed rainfall, and the discharge data on springs indicated that the recharge areas were more influenced by the local geology.

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Climate Sensitivity, Forest Ecosystems, and Regional Challenges: Exploring Opportunities to Reduce Disaster Risks in Central Himalayas

Dhyani,

Kadaverugu

et al. 2023

The Palgrave Handbook of Socio-Ecological Resilience in the Face of Climate Change

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Protocol for reviving Springs in the Hindu Kush Himalayas: A Practitioner's Manual

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison and Validation of Models for the Design of Optimal Economic Pipe Diameters: A Case Study in the Anseba Region, Eritrea

Comparison and Validation of Models for the Design of Optimal Economic Pipe Diameters: A Case Study in the Anseba Region, Eritrea

Identifying potential recharge areas of mountain springs through hydrogeological mapping

Climate Sensitivity, Forest Ecosystems, and Regional Challenges: Exploring Opportunities to Reduce Disaster Risks in Central Himalayas

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