Protocol for the characterization of single-wall carbon nanotube material quality

Arepalli, Sivaram; Nikolaev, Pavel; Gorelik, Olga; Hadjiev, V. G.; Holmes, Williams; Files, Bradley S.; Yowell, Leonard

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.03.038

Cited by 279 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As stated by Arepalli et al [46] T m values depend on different factors that include, tube diameter, defects, presence of catalyst impurities and derivatization moieties located on the nanotube sidewalls. Therefore, a broad range of T m values are found in the literature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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An efficient method for the carboxylation of few-wall carbon nanotubes with little damage to their sidewalls

Martín

Gutiérrez

Maroto-Valiente

et al. 2013

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There are several proposed methods to recover the oxidation activation energy from non-isothermal thermograms [45,46,49,51,52]. Chang's method [52] recovers DE from the slope of ln(q$da/dT/(1 À a) n ) vs. (1/T) plot, where the conversion degree is defined as a ¼ (m 0 À m t )/(m 0 À m N ), q is the heating rate and…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient method for the carboxylation of few-wall carbon nanotubes with little damage to their sidewalls

Martín

Gutiérrez

Maroto-Valiente

et al. 2013

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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“…69 From the SI it is very likely that peaks g to i correspond to semiconducting (E 22 S excitonic transition energy) species, with the most likely chiral assignments being g 272 cm À1 (8,4), h 290 cm À1 (9,2), and i 303 cm À1 (6,5). Peaks d to f correspond to metallic (E 11 M ) species, with some possible chiral assignments being d 216 cm À1 (8,8), (12,3), or (13,1), e 228 cm À1 (9,6), and f 236 cm À1 (10,4). Peaks b and c correspond either to metallic (E 11 M ) or semiconducting (E 33 S ) species, and chiral assignments are uncertain because of the crowding of different possibilities in the Kataura plot.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type- and Species-Selective Air Etching of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Tracked with in Situ Raman Spectroscopy

2013

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The thermal oxidation of carbon nanotubes in air is investigated by in situ Raman spectroscopy. Etching rates are directly seen to be diameter, chirality, and type dependent. We directly track the evolution of bundled nanotube networks that undergo air etching from 300 to 600 °C. Some species are more robust than others. Changes to radial breathing mode (RBM) and G– peak structures suggest that metallic species etch away more rapidly, with smaller diameter semiconducting species etching more slowly and large diameter nanotubes, including semiconductors, etching last. The decay in integrated G and D band intensities is tracked and fit reasonably well with biexponential decay. The RBM evolution is better represented by a single exponential. All bands are fit to activation plots with RBMs showing significantly different rates.

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“…This two-stage decomposition is associated with the catalytic effect of the metal particles on the nanotube degradation, and the presence of defective material which decomposes fi rst [25]. The TG and SEM results indicated that the CNT used in this work can be considered moderately pure and of good structural quality [26].The main thermal properties from the DSC second heating scan curves for the polymeric matrices TPU and COP, electrolytes BE23 and BE38 and CE4/8 composite electrode are summarized in Table 1. The TPU presents the typical segmented structure, with T g 1 associated with a soft segments amorphous phase, and T g 2 and T m as the thermal or the very low temperature glass transition of the individual copolymer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Polymeric nanomaterials as electrolyte and electrodes in supercapacitors

et al. 2009

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The energy challenge requires a broad range of options for energy harvesting, storage, and conversion. We have produced polymeric coatings by spraying, to be used as electrolyte and electrodes in a fl exible electrochemical double layer capacitor. A thermoplastic polyurethane and a low molecular weight block copolyether were employed with LiClO 4 to prepare solid polymeric electrolytes. Carbon black (CB) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were dispersed in the polymer blend electrolyte to produce nanostructured composite electrodes. The conductivities increased with the addition of block copolyether and carbon nanotubes to the electrolyte and electrode, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images of the nanocomposite electrodes showed nanoagglomerates of CB connected by carbon nanotubes. The solid supercapacitor prepared with these new materials as electrolyte and electrodes showed superior performance to other similar systems. The resulting safe and fl exible multilayer device can meet the requirements of modern devices. KEYWORDSPolymeric electrolyte blend, nanocomposite electrode, carbon black, carbon nanotube, supercapacitor Electrochemical capacitors or supercapacitors [1,2], using the electric double layer charge at the electrode/electrolyte interface of a highly porous electrode, can have an important role in new technologies. The properties of supercapacitors complement the defi ciencies of other power sources, such as batteries and fuel cells [3].Nanostructured carbon-based materials have been used in electrodes for electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC). The relationship between the surface area, total pore volume, average pore size, and the pore size distribution of the materials has a strong infl uence on the electrochemical characteristics of the resulting capacitor [3,4]. In such devices, activated carbons, carbon black or carbon nanotube composites have been employed as electrodes [3 6], mainly with liquid electrolytes [7]. Usually, the electrolytes employed in the electrochemical capacitors are acids, bases or salts dissolved in aqueous or organic solvents. Ionic liquids have also been investigated in supercapacitors [8 10]. The use of corrosive liquid electrolytes may cause dangerous leakages, which decrease the safety and lifetime of the capacitors [11,12]. To reduce problems associated Nano Research 734Nano Res (2009) 2: 733 739 with the management of corrosive ionic conductors, as well as to allow the preparation of thin film cells with high reliability, the use of solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) has been proposed [11, 13 16]. The performance of carbon-based polymer supercapacitors is closely associated with the characteristics of the materials used, such as new carbonaceous and electrolytes. The characteristics of the polymer electrolyte need to be tailored with the goal of increasing conductivity under specific experimental conditions. A degree of matching between the carbonaceous pore size and the microstructural arra...

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Protocol for the characterization of single-wall carbon nanotube material quality

Cited by 279 publications

References 21 publications

An efficient method for the carboxylation of few-wall carbon nanotubes with little damage to their sidewalls

An efficient method for the carboxylation of few-wall carbon nanotubes with little damage to their sidewalls

Type- and Species-Selective Air Etching of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Tracked with in Situ Raman Spectroscopy

Polymeric nanomaterials as electrolyte and electrodes in supercapacitors

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