Protocols and Mechanisms to Recover Failed Packets in Wireless Networks: History and Evolution

Abu-Shareha

Al-Khatib

2023

Voice over IP (VoIP) is widely utilized by organizations, schools, colleges, and so on. Nevertheless, VoIP numerous challenges that hinder its spread. One of the significant challenges is the poor exploit of the VoIP technology network bandwidth (BW), caused by the huge preamble of the VoIP packet. This paper suggests a novel methodology to manage this huge preamble overhead challenge. The proposed methodology is named runt payload VoIP packet (RPV). The core principle of the RPV methodology is to reemploy and exploit the VoIP packet preamble’s data (fields) that are superfluous by VoIP technology, especially for unicast IP voice calls. Generally, those fields will be used to convey the VoIP packet payload. Consequently, diminish or zero the length of the payload and, therefore, spare the BW. The results of the investigation into the suggested RPV methodology indicated significant enhancement in the BW exploitation of VoIP technology. For instance, the saved BW in the examined environment with the LPC codec came to up to 25.9%.

Section: The Storing Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Voip Packet Header’s Fields to Save the Bandwidth

Abu-Shareha

Al-Khatib

2023

“…Some of the information in the UDP header is optional and disabled (set to zeros) for many applications, including the VoIP applications, namely the Checksum and the Source Port. Therefore, the fields that carry the Checksum and the Source Port information will be used by the PMCF method as carrier fields for the speech payload (Tomsho 2019;Eggert et al, 2017;Khan et al, 2016;Stein et al, 2020). The third header of the VoIP packet is the IPv6, which is used with all applications in the IP-based networks.…”

Section: Superfluous Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method to Boost VoIP Performance Over IPv6 Networks

Al-Khatib

2022

The demands on virtual communication have increased noticeably during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. As an essential part of virtual communication, VoIP should be promoted to achieve the desired level of performance. One critical area investigated in VoIP is the bandwidth utilization (BWU) of the VoIP over IPv6 networks. Enhancing BWU will impact call capacity and quality; it increases call capacity and boosts call quality. Unfortunately, a considerable amount of bandwidth is wasted when running VoIP over IPv6 networks. This is due to the large size of the IPv6 header and the small size of the speech frame. This paper proposes a new method to handle the inefficient BWU when running VoIP over IPv6 networks. The proposed method combines multiplexing multiple VoIP packets in one IPv6 header and using the superfluous fields to carry a portion of the speech frame. Therefore, the proposed is called packet multiplexing and carrier fields (PMCF). Investigation of the PCMF method has been done using four metrics to measure the promotion in BWU, namely calls capacity, header size, bandwidth saving, and speech frame shortening metrics. With the four metrics, the PMCF method has outperformed the comparable methods. For instance, the call capacity has been promoted by up to 269% compared to the typical IPv6 method in the tested scenarios. Therefore, the PMCF method is a feasible solution to facilitate the BWU of VoIP when running VoIP over IPv6 networks.

“…Therefore, VoIP applications may disable this optional field to rescue some damaged voice data and improve the call quality. Thus, the checksum field is redundant for VoIP applications and should be utilized by the PA-CH method to store a piece of the digitized voice data (Perkins, 2003;Khan et al, 2016;Stein et al 2020). In a nutshell, the 2-byte source port, the 2-byte destination port, the 2-byte length, and the 2-byte checksum fields of the UDP are redundant for VoIP applications and can be used by the PA-CH method to store part of the digitized voice data.…”

Section: Header's Redundant Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Method of Reducing the Allocated Bandwidth by Voip

Abu-Shareha

Shambour

et al. 2022

Old telecommunication systems are gradually being replaced by a new system that works over IP networks, which is known as voice over internet protocol (VoIP). VoIP has several merits (e.g., very cheap call rate), which make it increasingly popular in the telecommunication world. However, VoIP faces numerous impediments that decelerate its promotion. One of the top impediments is the wasted bandwidth caused by VoIP systems. Numerous methods have been proposed to handle this impediment, including packet aggregation methods. This paper proposes a novel aggregation method, called packet aggregation and carrier header (PA-CH), to reduce the amount of the large bandwidth caused by VoIP. As the name suggests, PA-CH saves in bandwidth by aggregating the packets in a header and using the redundant fields in the packet header to carry a portion of the packet voice data. The performance of the introduced PA-CH method was investigated based on three main metrics, namely, link capacity, allocated bandwidth reduction, and voice data shortening. Simulation results indicate that the proposed PA-CH method outperforms the comparison methods in three factors. For instance, the proposed method’s allocated bandwidth reduction ratio reaches 51% when the number of calls running concurrently reaches 100. Therefore, the proposed PA-CH method achieves its goal of reducing the wasted bandwidth caused by VoIP.