Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Operation and Degradation in Short‐Circuit

Silva, Rosa Elvira; Harel, Fabien; Jemeï, Samir; Gouriveau, Rafael; Hissel, Daniel; Boulon, Loïc; Agbossou, Kodjo

doi:10.1002/fuce.201300216

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Additional degradation due to V2G load cycles (less than 10 % rated power) could possibly be compensated for by a reduction in start‐ups/shutdowns. Furthermore, a smarter power management system of both FC and HV battery could be applied or ultra‐capacitors introduced .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle‐to‐Grid: Experimental Feasibility and Operational Performance as Balancing Power Plant

et al. 2018

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The world's future energy supply will include intermittent renewable sources, such as solar and wind power. To guarantee reliability of supply, fast‐reacting, dispatchable and renewable back‐up power plants are required. One promising alternative is parked and grid‐connected hydrogen‐powered fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) in “Vehicle‐to‐Grid“ systems. We modified a commercial FCEV and installed an external 9.5 kW three‐phase alternating current (AC) grid connection. Our experimental verification of this set‐up shows that FCEVs can be used for mobility as well as generating power when parked. Our experimental results demonstrate that present‐day grid‐connected FCEVs can respond to high load gradients in the range of –760 % s−1 to + 730 % s−1, due to the parallel connection of the high voltage battery and the fuel cell stack. Virtual power plants composed of multiple grid‐connected FCEVs could perform higher power gradients than existing fast‐reacting thermal power plants with typical power gradients of 1.67 % s−1. Hydrogen consumption in 9.5 kW AC grid‐connected mode was 0.55 kg h−1, resulting in a Tank‐To‐Grid‐AC efficiency of 43% on a higher heating value basis (51 % on a lower heating value basis). Direct current to alternating current efficiency was 95 %.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle‐to‐Grid: Experimental Feasibility and Operational Performance as Balancing Power Plant

et al. 2018

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“…Therefore, the humidification level is varied by controlling the short‐circuiting interval of the fuel cell prior to measuring. Due to the absence of an external humidifier in self‐humidified fuel cells, these fuel cells use short‐circuiting to generate water and humidify the fuel cell . Short‐circuiting results in the reactant being consumed at a high rate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Wavelet‐based Descriptors for Fault Diagnosis of Self‐Humidified Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Sethi

Verstraete

2020

Fuel Cells

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Fault diagnosis can help extend the lifetime of fuel cells and has been widely explored for externally humidified fuel cells. However, fault detection in self-humidified fuel cells is scarce, despite its importance. This paper explores various wavelet-based descriptors for identifying hydration levels in self-humidified stacks. Wavelet-based techniques are nonintrusive and provide concurrent examinations in time and frequency. Thus, they encapsulate health related data that can be used as health monitoring features. The specific wavelet-based techniques used here are (i) impedance obtained through the wavelet-based fast electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and (ii) changes in wavelet energy through wavelet and wavelet packet decomposition. Results are compared based on their trends under dehydration con-ditions and the robustness of those trends across different currents and sampling rates. They are then assessed based on their predictive ability using RReliefF (Regression-ReliefF)-a regression based feature ranking tool. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis, descriptors are assessed in the context of creating a short-term health monitoring system for self-humidified fuel cells. While a modified version of the wavelet energies provides the best results for differentiating faults, fast EIS opens the possibility for analysis of more complex fault modes and is shown to be more robust.

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“…The duration of the short circuit is limited (about 10 seconds) to avoid strong thermal stress which can degrade irreversibly the fuel cell stack. More details about the electrical high current densities performed have been previously published in .…”

Section: Experimental Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Non‐Intrusive Signal‐Based Method for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Fault Diagnosis

et al. 2016

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This paper presents an experimental study dealing with a non‐intrusive signal‐based method for a fault diagnosis of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The aim of this tool is to define a specific signature of different operating conditions. First, a healthy state has to be defined: an operating condition with fixed parameters values for current, temperature, pressure is used as a reference state. When the operating conditions divert from this state of functioning, a fault is considered. Thanks to the wavelet transform of different signals from the fuel cell system, a signature can be extracted and linked to the considered operating conditions. The energy contents of the wavelet transform is used as an indicator of the state‐of‐health (SoH) of the fuel cell system with the purpose to detect deviations from healthy state operating conditions and to detect the fault related to. The diagnosis tool presented in this paper is based on existing signals acquired on the fuel cell system, in order to minimize the number of actual sensors. The other goals are to minimize the number of extracted parameters from the fuel cell system and to be as less intrusive as possible in the fuel cell system.

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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Operation and Degradation in Short‐Circuit

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle‐to‐Grid: Experimental Feasibility and Operational Performance as Balancing Power Plant

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle‐to‐Grid: Experimental Feasibility and Operational Performance as Balancing Power Plant

A Comparative Study of Wavelet‐based Descriptors for Fault Diagnosis of Self‐Humidified Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

A Non‐Intrusive Signal‐Based Method for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Fault Diagnosis

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