Prototypes of drinkers and accessibility of injunctive norms predict college drinking

Rhodes, Nancy; Loiewski, Christopher; Potocki, Bridget; Ralston, Rachel

doi:10.1177/1359105316683240

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Previous studies have found that they are correlated (Gibbons, Gerrard, Blanton, & Russell, 1998;Rivis & Sheeran, 2003) and that they interact when predicting willingness to engage in drinking (Teunissen et al, 2012). A further recent study has found that prototype perceptions mediate the relationship between prior drinking behaviour and future drinking intentions (Rhodes, Loiewski, Potocki, & Ralston, 2017). In the present study, social norms were correlated with prototype perceptions, and had a stronger relationship with social drinker favourability and similarity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Similarity to prototypical heavy drinkers and non-drinkers predicts AUDIT-C and risky drinking in young adults: prospective study

Davies

2019

Psychology & Health

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Prototype similarity and risky drinking 2 Similarity to prototypical heavy drinkers and non-drinkers predicts AUDIT-C and risky drinking in young adults: prospective study ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore whether constructs within the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) predicted risky drinking as measured by AUDIT-C, drinking harms and unplanned drunkenness in a sample of UK young adults. Previous studies exploring the PWM often do not use validated measures of alcohol consumption, and the outcomes of risky drinking are underexplored. Design: An online prospective study design with four week follow up was employed and 385 young adults completed the study (M age = 21.76, SD = 3.39, 69.6% female; 85.2% students). Main outcome measures: Intentions to get drunk, AUDIT-C, drinking harms experienced in the last four weeks, and unplanned drunkenness in the last four weeks. Results: Heavy and non-drinker prototype similarity predicted AUDIT-C, drinking harms and unplanned drunkenness when controlling for past behaviour and reasoned action pathway constructs. Intentions and willingness both mediated the relationship between prototype perceptions and AUDIT-C. Conclusion: This study supports the use of the PWM in the prediction of AUDIT-C, drinking harms and unplanned drinking in a UK sample. Prototype perceptions influenced behaviour via both reasoned and reactive cognitions. Targeting similarity to heavy and non-drinker prototypes should be the focus of future interventions in this population. Prototype similarity and risky drinking 3 Similarity to prototypical heavy drinkers and non-drinkers predicts AUDIT-C and risky drinking in young adults: prospective study

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Similarity to prototypical heavy drinkers and non-drinkers predicts AUDIT-C and risky drinking in young adults: prospective study

Davies

2019

Psychology & Health

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“…Messaging that attempts to steer students away from heavy drinking may underestimate the salience of positive outcomes (e.g., West & O’Neal, 2004). Alternatively, messaging that reduces the attractiveness of alcohol or that makes heavy drinking less socially acceptable (Rhodes et al, 2019) may be more successful in the long term at limiting drinking plans or reducing students’ willingness to drink to get drunk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planned and unplanned drinking to get drunk: A registered report examining willingness, drinking motives, and protective behavioral strategies using ecological momentary assessment.

Howard,

Lamb,

Alexander

et al. 2024

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Objective: We examined alcohol use and consequences across five categories of same-day drinking intentions and willingness and tested whether same-day motives and protective strategies predicted differences in outcomes across categories of intentions and willingness. Method: In a 14-week ecological momentary assessment design, undergraduate student participants (N = 196) reported drinking intentions and behaviors over 13 surveys weekly (four morning surveys [Thursday through Sunday]; three midday, early, and late evening surveys [Thursday through Saturday]). On average, participants were 20.61 years old (SD = 1.50; range 17-25), 63% identified as female (n = 124), 29% as male (n = 57), and 8% identified as neither male nor female (n = 15; i.e., nonbinary; transgender; genderqueer; agender). Participants reported numbers of drinks consumed on the evening (past 2 hr) and morning (previous day) surveys. Multilevel generalized linear models tested effects of drinking intentions/willingness categories, motives, protective strategies, and interactions between key variables on alcohol use and consequences in several models. Results: Rates and quantities of drinking were highest on planned drinking days, and especially high when students planned to get drunk. When enhancement and social motives were elevated, students were more likely to drink and consumed more drinks even on unplanned drinking days, and especially when socializing with others. Effects of coping motives were weaker and sparse. Harm reduction protective strategies were associated with more positive and negative consequences with little variation across planned and unplanned drinking days. Conclusion: Jointly considering drinking intentions and willingness narrows the intention-behavior gap in student drinking and suggests potential areas of focus for messaging around responsible drinking. Public Health Significance StatementThis study finds that undergraduate student drinkers are most likely to drink and consume alcohol in larger quantities when they plan to drink and especially when they plan-to-get-drunk. Unplanned drinking is also common, and students appear to change their plans when motivations to enhance the fun and social experience of a drinking occasion make the rewards of drinking alcohol more salient. Whether planned or unplanned, next-day drinking consequences are similar. On-campus messaging related to alcohol use should be updated to acknowledge that intoxication is sometimes a voluntary, desired outcome and strategies are needed to increase safety and minimize harm.

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Drinking beyond intentions: The prototype willingness model and alcohol consumption

Davies

Todd

2021

The Palgrave Handbook of Psychological Perspectives on Alcohol Consumption

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Prototypes of drinkers and accessibility of injunctive norms predict college drinking

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Similarity to prototypical heavy drinkers and non-drinkers predicts AUDIT-C and risky drinking in young adults: prospective study

Similarity to prototypical heavy drinkers and non-drinkers predicts AUDIT-C and risky drinking in young adults: prospective study

Planned and unplanned drinking to get drunk: A registered report examining willingness, drinking motives, and protective behavioral strategies using ecological momentary assessment.

Drinking beyond intentions: The prototype willingness model and alcohol consumption

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