Protozoan Diseases in Farm Ruminants

Şahinduran, Şima

doi:10.5772/30251

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The environmental route of transmission is important for many gastrointestinal protozoan and helminth parasites, with water, soil, and feed being particularly significant [ 1 ]. Eimeria and Cryptosporidia are among the most common protozoan parasites in calves, and they have been associated with diarrhea, causing decreased growth rates and mortalities, and hence adversely affecting the dairy enterprise [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with Cryptosporidia, Eimeria, and diarrhea in smallholder dairy farms in Mukurwe-ini Sub-County, Nyeri County, Kenya

Peter¹,

Gitau²,

Richards³

et al. 2016

Vet World

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim:This study was undertaken to determine the household, calf management, and calf factors associated with the occurrence of Eimeria, Cryptosporidia, and diarrhea in pre-weaned calves reared in smallholder dairy farms in Mukurwe-ini Sub-County of Nyeri County, Kenya. In addition, the study also evaluated factors associated with average daily weight gain in the same pre-weaned calves.Materials and Methods:A total of 112 newborn calves (63 males and 49 females) on 111 farms (1 set of twins) were followed for 2 months between June 2013 and August 2013. Two calves were lost to follow-up. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data on household characteristics and calf management practices in the 111 selected farms. On the first visit to the farm (within 7 days of the birth of the calf), blood samples were collected from the jugular vein to assess the level of maternal immunity acquired by the calf, by determining the serum total protein and selenium concentration. At 4 and 6 weeks of age, fecal samples from the calves were collected to assess the presence of Cryptosporidia and Eimeria oocysts. Every 2 weeks for 2 months, the calves and their environments were examined, their 2-week consumption and health history were recorded, and weights were estimated with a weight tape. Each of the factors was evaluated in a univariable regression model and only those found to be significant (p≤0.20) were included in a multivariable model. Elimination of non-significant factors was done in the multivariable model through a backward elimination procedure so that only those variables which were confounders, and/or significant at (p≤0.05) remained in the final model.Results:About 37% (41/110) of the calves experienced diarrhea at least once during the 2-month study period. The overall period prevalence of Eimeria and Cryptosporidia was 42.7% (47/110) and 13.6% (15/110), respectively. Low serum protein was associated with 1.8 and 2.4 times the odds of Eimeria and Cryptosporidia infections, respectively. Lack of supervision of calf birth and low serum total protein were both associated with 1.3 times the odds of diarrhea incidence. Dirty calf pens, feeding <5 L of milk/day, and infection with Eimeria were associated with 0.105, 0.087, and 0.059 kg, respectively, reduced average daily weight gain of the calves.Conclusion:In the Kenyan context, calf diarrhea risk could be reduced through better supervision of parturition and colostrum provision. Specifically, the risk of Eimeria and Cryptosporidia infections could be reduced by optimizing the passive transfer of immunity to the newborn calves. Average weight gains of calves could be improved by good colostrum provision, pen hygiene, and preventing Eimeria infections.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with Cryptosporidia, Eimeria, and diarrhea in smallholder dairy farms in Mukurwe-ini Sub-County, Nyeri County, Kenya

Peter¹,

Gitau²,

Richards³

et al. 2016

Vet World

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One major species of Cryptosporidium spp. is C. Parvum, which infects both farm animals and humans (Sahinduran, 2012). Although, animals of all ages can be infected, but only young animals show diarrhea (Gunn et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Cattle and their Breeders

Hussin¹,

Khalaf²,

Ali³

2016

J. Anim. Health Prod.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

| A study was conducted to identify the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. as well as to investigate the effect of the region, age and sex on the infection rate in cattle and their breeders. A total of 288 samples (200 samples for cattle and 88 samples for their breeders) were collected during November 2014 to May 2015. Results showed a significant difference in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle (57%) and their breeders (32.95%). The effect of age on infection rate in cattle was significant (P<0.01). The highest infection rate (75.68%) was shown in the early age category (less than 1 year), while the lowest (43.47%) was found in age ≥6 years. In general, the infection rate dropped gradually with advanced age until reached the lowest estimation in the older age (≥6 years). On the other hand, the effects of region and sex were not significant. Concerning the cattle breeders all studied effects were not significant.

show abstract

“…, , Haemaphysalis (usually cited 1918. This name is a synonym of Haemaphysalis parva as stated in Morel (1963a) and Camicas et al (1998), but still used by Yeruham et al (1996) and Sahinduran (2012). otophila schulzei Tonelli Rondelli, 1926b, Haemaphysalis. This name is a synonym of Haemaphysalis parva (Neumann 1897) as stated in Morel (1963a) and Camicas et al (1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Names for Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): valid, synonyms, incertae sedis, nomina dubia, nomina nuda, lapsus, incorrect and suppressed names—with notes on confusions and misidentifications

Guglielmone¹,

Nava²

2014

Zootaxa

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A major, but not exhaustive, literature revision has been made to compile the names of Ixodidae from Linnaeus to present. Names are classified as valid, synonyms, lapsus, incertae sedis, nomina dubia, nomina nuda, incorrect and suppressed. Notes are included for confusions and misidentifications among different tick species. The lists included in this study are neither aimed to be consensual nor focusing to stabilize nomenclature, but rather part of a discussion on the species forming Ixodidae and a potential aid for research on tick taxonomy and phylogeny.

show abstract

Protozoan Diseases in Farm Ruminants

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Risk factors associated with Cryptosporidia, Eimeria, and diarrhea in smallholder dairy farms in Mukurwe-ini Sub-County, Nyeri County, Kenya

Risk factors associated with Cryptosporidia, Eimeria, and diarrhea in smallholder dairy farms in Mukurwe-ini Sub-County, Nyeri County, Kenya

Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Cattle and their Breeders

<p><strong>Names for Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): valid, synonyms, <em>incertae</em> <em>sedis</em>, <em>nomina</em> <em>dubia</em>, <em>nomina</em> <em>nuda</em>, <em>lapsus</em>, incorrect and suppressed names—with notes on confusions and misidentifications</strong></p>

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About