Protozooplankton and its relationship with environmental conditions in 13 water bodies of the Mogi-Guaçu basin - SP, Brazil

Abstract

Protozooplankton is an important component of the aquatic microbial food webs and its composition, density, and distribution reflect the chemical, physical, and biological aspects of the environment. Considering the scarce literature on freshwater protozoans in Brazil and on protozoan ecology in subtropical environments, we listed the ciliates and amoebae taxa found in 13 water bodies in São Paulo State and analyzed their abundance in relation to the environmental variables. We collected two samples in each environment, fixed immediately with mercuric chloride and stained with bromophenol blue. After microscopical analysis, 74 protozoan genera were identified and the Ciliophora were dominant in the majority of the environments. The Stichotrichia, represented mostly by the genus Halteria, occurred in all environments, and was the dominant subclass in five of them. The canonic correspondence analysis of the most frequent genera and the environmental variables showed that nitrite and nitrate were the variables that better explained the distribution of Limnostrombidium, Urotricha, and Vorticella. The densities of the genera Halteria, Coleps, and of the species Cinetochilum margaritaceum were positively affected by increasing concentrations of dissolved oxygen, particulate phosphate, conductivity, and temperature. C. margaritaceum were also negatively affected by increasing concentrations of nitrite and nitrate. Considering that we made only one sampling in each environment, the richness was high compared to the mean diversity of lakes in the São Paulo State. The Diogo Lake, located in an ecological reserve, was the richest one, confirming the need of more research on the biodiversity of more preserved environments.

Environmental DNA Sequencing Reveals a Highly Complex Eukaryote Community in Sansha Yongle Blue Hole, Xisha, South China Sea

“…Jack demonstrated that suspended particles can affect the competition of animals by inhibiting the growth of animals such as copepods [48]. In addition, the correlation analysis between eukaryote community structure and environmental factors showed that nitrite concentration also had a significant impact on the eukaryote community structure in the hole, similar to the findings of studies in a deep artificial lake and the Mogi-Guaçu basin [49,50].…”

Structure and dynamics of the protoplankton community in an environmentally protected urban stream

“…Although no ciliate species have been identified as constant, some of them were considered accessories, from which we highlight Cinetochilum margaritaceum and Cyclidium glaucoma, who have been registered as frequent and abundant taxa in many rivers and streams (Madoni and Braghiroli, 2007;Bagatini et al, 2013;Segovia et al, 2016). These species, belonging to the order Philasterida, are registered mainly in mesotrophic and eutrophic environments (Beaver and Crisman, 1989), which are the predominant conditions of the Mandacaru stream.…”

Protozooplankton combined with magnetic-EDTA@chitosan nanocomposite as a novel system for fish farms wastewater remediation

“…The wheat media was prepared, providing a nutritive medium for protozooplankton to accelerate the growth rate. Samples were fixed with mercuric chloride and stained with bromophenol blue for examination and enumeration (Bagatini, et al, 2013). The total count of each protozooplankton species was detected and recorded according to the identification keys of Patterson and Hedley (1996).…”

“…Therefore, they can act as natural bio-control in complex ecological systems (Syed et al, 2019). Protozooplankton is an important component of the aquatic microbial food webs and its composition, density, and distribution that reflect the chemical, physical, and biological aspects of the environment (Bagatini, et al, 2013).…”