Providing processes of preparation and distribution of feed for cattle on animal husbandry farms

Abstract

World experience shows that family farms are the basis for the agricultural sector of countries with advanced market economies. The analysis of the components of the livestock ration provided an opportunity to identify the amount of feed mixture, which needs to be distributed to animals per day, depending on the livestock. Researches have shown that for preparation and distribution of feed on farms with livestock up to 10 cattles, it is advisable to use inefficient machinery with energy drive and partial execution of manual operations, 11-35 -self-feeders, mechanized lines using stationary machinery with energy drive and forklifts. For 36-50 cattles of livestock and at an average animal productivity of at least 6500 kg of milk per year, processes of preparation and distribution of feed can provide self-feeding and mobile combined feed making machines. Preparation and distribution of feed mixes for 51-400 heads of cattle -provide mobile combined feed making machines with delivery of the mixture on the feed tables. For livestock with more than 400 heads of cattles, it is advisable to use stationary robotic feed making facilities and distributors of feed mixtures or a mobile combined feed making machine. In the feed mixture preparation process, it was found that the multifunctional feed making machines with a vertically positioned conical auger in the hopper have a high power consumption of more than 35 kW. Power consumption, driven by the working bodies, is almost directly proportional to the speed of an auger. With increasing rotation frequency of an auger, the efficiency of grinding and mixing does not increase significantly; we have substantiated the rotation frequency of an auger 16-20 min -1 , with grinding rolls and packs and in the mode of mixing and dispensing 24-25 min -1 . However, in the process of dispensing the feed mixture, the existing auger does not clean itself from the feed.

A study of mixer-feeder equipment operational reliability

“…V. Khmelovskyi et al (2020) substantiate that for the preparation and distribution of feed mixtures for 51-400 cattle heads, mobile feed preparation equipment should be used with the mixture being fed to feed tables. The paper presents a study of the process of self-cleaning of screw turns at different rotational speeds.…”

“…In many countries with developed livestock production, research has been conducted on the technological processes of preparing feed mixtures, improving existing ones and developing modern feed preparation machines (Astanakulov et al, 2020). Studies of the operating characteristics of feed preparation and distribution equipment have shown that, along with the increased load on each feed mixer, many factors cause a significant dispersion of technical and economic use indicators (Khmelovskyi et al, 2020), machine reliability parameters (Ruzhylo et al, 2022), and the durability of working bodies. In this regard, one of the most important criteria for the quality of the operation of feed preparation and distribution equipment is its reliability.…”

Study of the influence of operational factors on the technical condition of agricultural machinery

“…Одним із основних заходів зазначеного напрямку є підвищення ефективності експлуатації сільськогосподарської техніки та одного з її важливих секторів -ЗПРК. Для приготування кормових сумішей для годівлі тварин використовують машини, що потребують використання значної частки ручних операцій, включаючи завантаження, подрібнення, змішування, дозування та роздавання [3,11]. Виходячи з цього, в наукових статтях останніх років визначився комплекс досліджень, що включає вивчення та удосконалення конструкцій ЗПРК [3,6,7,22 [4].…”

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“…The practices of using and ensuring the performance of means for preparing and distributing feed with vertical screws indicate that foreign samples of these machines have improved technical characteristics, including fairly high operational reliability (Khmelovskyi et al, 2020;Ruzhylo et al, 2022). Therewith, the practice of using machines and equipment in animal husbandry indicates that the intensity of their operation is increasing, most of them have completed their depreciation period, and their operating modes and storage conditions require special attention and constant control of engineering and technical workers, machine operators, maintenance repairmen, service workers.…”