This paper describes the main challenges faced by professionals working in nephrology, dialysis and transplantation across Europe and evaluates how far the work of the European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses' Association/ European Renal Care Association (EDTNA/ERCA) supports its members by promoting the advancement of renal care through research and continuous professional development. Research studies include collaborative projects on vascular access, renal nutrition, pre-dialysis counselling, the treatment of water for dialysis, peritoneal dialysis catheter care, and the management of hepatitis C virus. The newly formed European Practice Database is also described. Educational projects include the development of a professional portfolio framework, European basic and post-basic curricula for nephrology nursing and the EDTNA/ERCA accreditation of post-basic nephrology nursing courses.