Provisional protocol for the sampling and anlaysis of tar and particulates in the gas from large-scale biomass gasifiers. Version 1998

Simell, Pekka; Ståhlberg, Pekka; Kurkela, Esa; Albrecht, J.; Deutsch, Steven; Sjöström, Krister

doi:10.1016/s0961-9534(99)00064-1

Cited by 119 publications

(99 citation statements)

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“…In some selected experiments, GC analysis of the outgoing fuel reactor gases was done to measure possible hydrocarbons, and possible tar formation was also measured following the tar protocol [37]. Table 3 shows the conditions for the series of experiments carried out.…”

Section: Icb-csic-s1 Facility For Clc With Coalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of the coal rank on the performance of the in situ gasification chemical-looping combustion

Cuadrat

Abad

Gayán

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering Journal

102

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In this work the CLC process for solid fuels using ilmenite as oxygen carrier was evaluated in a continuous CLC unit. In this process, gasification of solid fuel happens in the fuel reactor which is fluidized by a gasifying agent, i.e, H 2 O. This process has been referred as in-situ Gasification CLC, iG-CLC. The feasibility of using fuels ranging from lignite to anthracite and the effect of the coal rank on the process performance was evaluated. The carbon capture efficiency followed the trend of the coal rank, as it was higher for lignite, then for the bituminous coals and it was lower for anthracite. Special attention was put on the combustion of the volatile matter of the different fuels. In all cases oxygen demands lower than 10% were found; for anthracite the oxygen demand values were 3.5% because of the lower volatile content of this fuel. A temperature increase was proven to be advantageous to reach high carbon capture and combustion efficiencies for all the fuels tested. Also, the feasibility of using H 2 O:CO 2 mixtures as gasification agent with each type of fuel was also assessed and it was seen that in case of bituminous coals and lignite some of H 2 O can be replaced by CO 2 .

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Section: Icb-csic-s1 Facility For Clc With Coalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of the coal rank on the performance of the in situ gasification chemical-looping combustion

Cuadrat

Abad

Gayán

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering Journal

102

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“…Recently, standardized particulate measurement protocols have been proposed both for large-scale (Simell, et al, 2000) and small-scale (Abatzoglou, et al, 2000) gasifiers. These protocols have been developed both for particulates and tars, as discussed in Section 3.3.3 of this report.…”

Section: Standardized Particulate Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Gas Conditioning: Recent Progress with Larger-Scale Biomass Gasification Systems; Update and Summary of Recent Progress

Stevens¹

2001

131

105

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As a result of environmental and policy considerations, there is increasing interest in using renewable biomass resources as feedstock for power, fuels, and chemicals and hydrogen. Biomass gasification is seen as an important technology component for expanding the use of biomass. Advanced biomass gasification systems provide clean products that can be used as fuel or synthesis gases in a variety of environmentally friendly processes.Advanced end-use technologies such as gas turbines or synthesis gas systems require high quality gases with narrowly defined specifications. Other systems such as boilers may also have fuel quality requirements, but they will be substantially less demanding. The gas product from biomass gasifiers contains quantities of particulates, tars, and other constituents that may exceed these specified limits. As a result, gas cleaning and conditioning will be required in most systems.Over the past decade, significant research and development activities have been conducted on the topic of gas cleanup and conditioning. This report provides an update of efforts related to large-scale biomass gasification systems and summarizes recent progress. Remaining research and development issues are also summarized.

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“…Different methods to determine tar composition have been reported in the literature [12,13]; the state of the art method for offline tar sampling and analysis is the Tar Protocol CEN/TS 15439 by means of tar condensation in an organic solvent, followed by further gas chromatography analysis [14]. Similar methodologies have been used by Adegoroye and coworkers [15], and by Andersson and co-workers [16] to determine tar during the gasification process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar methodologies have been used by Adegoroye and coworkers [15], and by Andersson and co-workers [16] to determine tar during the gasification process. Recent tar determinations have reported the use of optical methods based on laser induced systems [17], specifically fluorescence signals are applied with the flexibility of achieving in-situ or online tar measurements; however the elevated cost of this technology might reduce its further application, compared with the Tar Protocol [12,13]. Besides the tar collection and determination, further methods to reduce tar content in the produced gas have been also analysed [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Pyrolysis/Gasification of Refuse Derived Fuel for Hydrogen Production and Tar Reduction: Influence of Nickel to Citric Acid Ratio Using Ni/SiO2 Catalysts

Blanco

Onwudili

et al. 2013

Waste Biomass Valor

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Gasification technology is an attractive alternative for the thermal treatment of solid wastes, producing a high energy value hydrogen rich syngas. The presence of tar in the produced gas diminishes its quality and potential use in further processes; for this reason the reduction of tar in waste gasification is a major challenge. In this work the pyrolysis/gasification of refuse derived fuel (RDF) from municipal solid wastes, was investigated using a two-stage reaction system with Ni/SiO 2 catalysts prepared by a sol-gel method varying the citric acid concentration (CA). The fresh and reacted catalysts were characterised for surface area and pore size distribution, temperature programmed oxidation (TPO), and high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the nickel to citric acid ratio (Ni:CA) was evaluated in terms of the characteristics and performance of the Ni/SiO 2 catalysts. The results showed that the prepared Ni/SiO 2 catalysts exhibited a relatively high surface area and an increase in pore size distribution as the Ni:CA ratio was increased. The efficiency of the prepared catalysts on tar reduction and hydrogen production was examined during the pyrolysis/gasification of RDF; the results were compared with a blank experiment using a bed of sand. The tar fraction was quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A low tar concentration of ~0.2 mg tar /g RDF was attained using the catalysts with Ni:CA ratios of 1:1 and 1:3; additionally a high hydrogen concentration (58 vol.%), and low CH 4 (2.2 vol.%) and C 2 -C 4 concentrations (0.8 vol.%), were attained using the catalyst with a Ni:CA ratio of 1:3. A higher tar concentration of ~1.7 mg tar /g RDF was attained using the bed of sand, while the hydrogen production was remarkably decreased. The major tar compounds identified in the tar samples using the Ni/SiO 2 catalysts were phenol, cresols, naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene.

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Provisional protocol for the sampling and anlaysis of tar and particulates in the gas from large-scale biomass gasifiers. Version 1998

Cited by 119 publications

References 0 publications

Relevance of the coal rank on the performance of the in situ gasification chemical-looping combustion

Relevance of the coal rank on the performance of the in situ gasification chemical-looping combustion

Hot Gas Conditioning: Recent Progress with Larger-Scale Biomass Gasification Systems; Update and Summary of Recent Progress

Catalytic Pyrolysis/Gasification of Refuse Derived Fuel for Hydrogen Production and Tar Reduction: Influence of Nickel to Citric Acid Ratio Using Ni/SiO2 Catalysts

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