Proximal Femoral Nail: A Boon for Pertrochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures

Antibacterial Potential of Aqueous Neem Leaf Extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on Spermatozoa Quality in Extended Porcine Semen

“…Considering spermatozoa progressive motility, which is a vital feature for passage through the cervix, utero-tubal junction and even more essential, through the cumulus, the inclusion of ANLE in boar semen had no detrimental effect on sperm motility at 0, 24 and 48 h of preservation and this is probably due to presence of active constituents such as azadirachtin, valassin, gedunin, salanin, meliacin and Nimbin in ANLE which could be inhibited the growth of microorganism that could detrimentally affect the survival of sperm cells. This is in accordance with findings of [6] and [5] who reported that neem has antibacterial properties that could inhibit the growth of the microorganism. Spermatozoa motility between 50 and 70% is considered as good motility [4].…”

“…The inclusion of ANLE in boar semen was also found not to be detrimental to spermatozoa morphology throughout the periods of preservation. The lower morphological abnormalities recorded at these hours of storage could also be as a result of the presence of active constituents in ANLE which are responsible for inhibiting growth of microorganism and this is corroborated by the findings of [6] and [5] who reported that neem has an antibacterial properties that could inhibit the growth of microorganism. This finding is also in compliance with the study of [4] who reported that high-quality semen contains a minimum number (5 to 15%) of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa whereas low-quality semen frequently contains the larger number 20% (or more).…”

“…This decrease in bacteria load is probably due to the presence of active constituents in ANLE which could inhibit the growth of microorganism that could detrimentally affect the survival of spermatozoa quality. This is justified by the findings of [6] and [5] who reported that neem has antibacterial properties that could inhibit the growth of the microorganism.…”

“…The increase in the prevalence of resistant strains of bacteria to synthetic antibiotics necessitates the use of natural antimicrobial alternatives such as aqueous extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf. A biologically active component in the neem leaf that acts as an antibacterial substance in relation to semen quality profiles and fertility are azadirachtin, valassin, gedunin, salanin, meliacin and nimbin [5].…”