PrP genotype frequencies and risk evaluation for scrapie in dairy sheep breeds from southern Italy

Martemucci, G.; Iamartino, Daniela; Blasi, M.; D’Alessandro, Angela Gabriella

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.10.023

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Using 10 microsatellite markers unlinked to PRNP , chosen from recommended ISAG panels, we studied genetic variability in our autochthonous breeds. As shown in Table 1, the resulting genetic polymorphism parameters of our markers, as MNA, Ho, uHe and PIC, were within the ranges of previously reported values using microsatellite in the same and in other breeds (Alfonso et al, 2006; Baumung, Cubric‐Curik, Schwend, Achmann, & Sölkner, 2006; Dalvit et al, 2008; Martemucci, Iamartino, Blasi, & D'Alessandro, 2015; Pariset, Savarese, Cappuccio, & Valentini, 2003; Peter et al, 2007; Stahlberger‐Saitbekova, Schläpfer, Dolf, & Gaillard, 2001). In particular among European breeds, Peter et al (2007) reported an average number of alleles per breed of 6.42, mean estimates of He and Ho over all loci and breeds of 0.72 and 0.67, respectively, suggesting that all sampled breeds in our study owned good genetic diversity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Genetic variability following selection for scrapie resistance in six autochthonous sheep breeds in the province of Bolzano (northern Italy)

Bordin

Dalvit

Caldon

et al. 2020

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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Scrapie is an ovine transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, and its susceptibility is associated with polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP). Genetic selection is currently the most effective mean for eradication of the susceptible VRQ allele in favour of resistant ARR allele. Maintenance of genetic diversity should be one of the major objectives in breeding programmes, especially in endangered breeds, and genetic information are an excellent alternative to pedigree data where these information are missing. The aim of our study was to determine changes of genetic variability in six native sheep breeds from autonomous province of Bolzano, northern Italy, following simulation of scrapie selection scenarios. A total of 684 rams were investigated for PRNP polymorphisms and for 10 microsatellite loci to estimate genetic variability. Across all loci, a total of 163 alleles were detected with a mean of 10.4 alleles per locus. Average observed (Ho) and unbiased expected (uHe) heterozygosity overall loci were 0.74 and 0.78, respectively, showing a statistically significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in all breeds. This heterozygosity deficit was confirmed by a positive fixation index (Fis), determining a moderate inbreeding in each breed. Simulating a soft selection, where only rams having at least a VRQ allele should be excluded from reproduction, Ho, uHe and Fis values remained almost unchanged, indicating that genetic variability should not be affected by the removal of these individuals. With a mild selection scenario, considering only rams with at least one ARR allele, we observed a decrease in the mean alleles per breed (8.9) and the maintenance of heterozygosity deficiency, except for two breeds, where it was any longer significant. These results showed that selection strategies allowing use of heterozygous as well homozygous ARR rams might be the right compromise to improve resistance to scrapie and to do not dramatically affect genetic variability of these breeds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Genetic variability following selection for scrapie resistance in six autochthonous sheep breeds in the province of Bolzano (northern Italy)

Bordin

Dalvit

Caldon

et al. 2020

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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“…Higher frequencies of the ARQ allele have been reported in scrapie-affected sheep (Ekateriniadou et al, 2007a). Similar frequencies of the ARQ allele were reported in Italy (Granato et al, 2013, Martemucci et al, 2015, in Brazil (Ianella et al, 2012) and in Turkey (Meydan et al, 2012), whereas higher frequencies (74-86%) were observed in Awassi and Assaf sheep populations (Gootwine et al,2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Prion protein gene polymorphisms in classical scrapie-affected flocks of sheep in Central Macedonia

Kioutsioukis

Papadogiannakis

Palaska

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Research articlesheep, 340 were of Chios breed, 633 Chios crossbred and 483 crossbred. The examined sheep showed high genotype variability, as a total of 7 haplotypes and 23 different genotypes were found. The predominant allele and the predominant genotype were ARQ and ARQ/ARQ respectively, in all breeds studied, followed by the ARR allele and the ARR/ ARQ genotype. The TRQ allele was frequent in Chios and Chios crossbred, while the VRQ allele was rare for all the breeds. Interestingly, 3 genotypes (ARH/TRQ, ARR/ARK and ARK/VRQ) were detected for the first time in Greece and two of them (ARH/TRQ and ARK/VRQ) have, to our knowledge, never been previously reported. Furthermore, it is emphasized that our country outnumbers all European countries in classical scrapie cases of sheep every year.Therefore, there is an urgent need to reduce the incidence of classical scrapie through the implementation of selective breeding programs. This is supported by the fact that the prevalence of classical scrapie in the Greek sheep population is highly associated with the predominant genotype ARQ/ARQ. Therefore, the elimination of the ARQ/ARQ and the other susceptible genotypes (belonging to Risk Groups 3 and 5, according to the National Scrapie Plan of Great Britain) would reduce dramatically the incidence of classical scrapie in Greece. αλληλόμορφα και 23 διαφορετικοί γονότυποι. Ο κυρίαρχος γονότυπος σε όλες τις φυλές ήταν ο ARQ/ARQ, ακολουθούμενος από τον ARR/ARQ. Ο απλότυπος TRQ ήταν συχνός στα Χιώτικα και στα ημίαιμα Χίου πρόβατα, ενώ ο απλότυπος VRQ ήταν σπάνιος σε όλες τις φυλές. Είναι αξιοσημείωτο ότι 3 γονότυποι (ARH/TRQ, ARR/ARK και ARK/VRQ) ανιχνεύθηκαν για πρώτη φορά στην Ελλάδα. Επιπλέον, 2 από αυτούς τους γονότυπους (ARH/TRQ, και ARK/VRQ) δεν έχουν, καθ' όσον γνωρίζουμε, αναφερθεί ποτέ μέχρι σήμερα. Επίσης, δίνεται έμφαση στο γεγονός ότι στη χώρα μας παρατηρούνται τα περισσότερα κρούσματα κλασσικής τρομώδους νόσου των προβάτων κάθε χρόνο σε όλη την Ευρώπη. Συνεπώς είναι επιτακτική ανάγκη να μειωθεί η επίπτωση της νόσου στην Ελλάδα, μέσω της εφαρμογής προγραμμάτων επιλογής/αναπαραγωγής ανθεκτικών προβάτων (selective breeding programs) ως προς την κλασσική τρομώδη νόσο. Σε αυτό συνηγορεί το γεγονός ότι ο επιπολασμός της νόσου στην Ελλάδα συνδέεται με τον γονότυπο ARQ/ARQ, ο οποίος είναι ο πιο συχνός γονότυπος. Άρα η δραστική μείωση του ARQ/ARQ και άλλων ευαίσθητων γονότυπων θα προκαλέσει δραματική μείωση της επίπτωσης της νόσου, προς όφελος της προβατοτροφίας και της εθνικής μας οικονομίας. .Λέξεις-Κλειδιά: τρομώδης νόσος, γονοτυπική ανάλυση, πρωτεϊνη prion, αλυσιδωτή αντίδραση πολυμεράσης

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“…As shown in Figure 3, Aspromontana and Cilentana are both reared in provinces with an incidence of the disease between 0.2 and 0.84. In Puglia, another region of South Italy, an ARR frequency up to 50% has been detected in sheep (Martemucci et al 2015). In central regions, studies on goat and sheep have reported a frequency of 7% for K222 in Umbria and Marche (Biagetti et al 2016) and 32% of the resistant allele ARR has been detected in a native sheep breed (Curcio et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of differences in prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphisms between Algerian and Southern Italy's goats

Fantazi

Migliore

Kdidi

et al. 2018

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Goats are adapted to live in harsh areas of the world ensuring minimum levels of milk and meat production without much economic input. Scrapie is a fatal prion disease of small ruminants detected in different countries worldwide. Polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP) modify the degree of susceptibility/resistance to scrapie. PRNP polymorphisms were analysed in the four main Algerian goat breeds (Naine de Kabylie, Arbia, Mozabite, Mekatia), and in two native breeds of South Italy (Aspromontana from Calabria and Cilentana from Campania). The results were compared also with two previously described Sicilian native breeds (Girgentana and Rossa Mediterranea). Seven amino acid substitutions were detected in Naine de Kabylie goat which represents the original native Berber breed. All other breeds presented no more than six variants and common polymorphisms were present at codons, 154 and 240. Isoleucine at 137 was present in Algerian breeds only. The Italian Cilentana shared more variants with Algerian breeds whereas the Aspromontana breed was the only one to show a Serine at 127. Exclusive new variants were not detected since all polymorphisms were already described in other goats worldwide. The scrapie protective allele encoding lysine (K) at codon 222 was detected in the Naine de Kabylie and M'zabite breeds at low-frequency whereas is present with frequencies higher than 10% in all the Italian breeds reared in regions with elevated scrapie incidence. The overall results showed a substantial number of polymorphisms in PRNP, particularly in Naine de Kabylie breed, which carried also unique genotypes. ARTICLE HISTORY

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PrP genotype frequencies and risk evaluation for scrapie in dairy sheep breeds from southern Italy

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Genetic variability following selection for scrapie resistance in six autochthonous sheep breeds in the province of Bolzano (northern Italy)

Genetic variability following selection for scrapie resistance in six autochthonous sheep breeds in the province of Bolzano (northern Italy)

Prion protein gene polymorphisms in classical scrapie-affected flocks of sheep in Central Macedonia

Analysis of differences in prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphisms between Algerian and Southern Italy's goats

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