PS-327 Parents: The Best Partner In Pain Management

Abstract

Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) recognises lipopeptides with TLR2, and affects immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Here, we report results of the first case-control paediatric study of the TLR1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). A paediatric case-control study enrolled 340 TB patients and 366 healthy controls, all Han Chinese from North China. Significant differences of the allelic and genotypic distributions of rs5743618 in TLR1 gene were observed between TB group and control group and, G allele of rs5743618 was associated with increased risk for TB (OR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.41-4.07, p = 0.0009). In addition, after stimulated with inactivated lysate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv, whole blood samples from children with the rs5743618 GT genotypes showed a decreased level of Interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), Tumour Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a) and CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) production. To conclude, TLR1 rs5743618 G allele was found associated to susceptibility to TB in Han Chinese paediatric population. TLR1 rs5743618-GT genotype carriers may have reduced immune response to MTB infection although further study is warranted to test this conclusion. Introduction Infants in hospital experience pain regularly. It is an important nursing task to observe parameters of pain, because an infant is not able to express itself verbally. The question arises in which way and to what extent parents can play a role in recognising and diminishing pain experienced by their child. Method Involvement of parents in pain management has been investigated by means of a literature search and a survey among nurses. We also explored how parents' involvement could be increased in an effective way. Results Research shows that parents' ínvolvement in pain management is effective. When parents were given an active role, there was a quicker response to pain signals and the child experienced less pain. PS-327 PARENTS: THE BEST PARTNER IN PAIN MANAGEMENTParents' involvement is also feasible. A structured method of providing information increased knowledge of parents. In addition to oral information, demonstrations and videos were of extra value. However, in daily practice parents' involvement in pain management is limited. Parents did not always receive oral (55%) or written (4%) information about pain management.Nurses indicated more parents' involvement than is experienced by parents themselves.The survey showed that 96% of nurses believe that parents are actively involved in pain recognition and 85% thinks that parents play an active role in pain reduction. However, only 53% of the nurses think that parents are actually able to decrease pain. Conclusion Parents' participation in pain recognition and pain reduction is effective. Parents can be trained by means of structured methods of information, demonstrations and videos. Background and aims Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the wid...