PSEM_2D: A physically based model of erosion processes at the plot scale

Nord, Guillaume; Estèves, Michel

doi:10.1029/2004wr003690

Cited by 55 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…From equation (32), a and a d are flow depthdependent soil detachability coefficients for the original soil and deposited layer (with threshold values denoted by the subscript 0), respectively, h is the threshold depth for the detachment rates, is a soil characteristic parameter, p i (0 < p i 1 and AEp i ¼ 1) is the proportion of sediment in size class i of the original uneroded soil, H (0 H 1) is the protection factor provided by the deposited layer, F r is the fraction of excess stream power effective in entrainment, J e is the specific energy of entrainment, is the water density, s is the particle solid density, g is the magnitude of gravitational acceleration, ¼ gS 0 q is the stream power with cr the critical threshold stream power below which r i and r di are zero, i is fall velocity, and m Ã is the mass per unit area of deposited sediment required to protect the original soil from further erosion. The HR concept of separating out the layer of deposited sediment has now been adopted in more recent models [Kinnell, 2005;Nord and Esteves, 2005].…”

Section: Sediment Transport In Overland Flow: the Hairsine-rose Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solute and sediment transport at laboratory and field scale: Contributions of J.-Y. Parlange

et al. 2013

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[1] We explore selected aspects of J.-Y. Parlange's contributions to hydrological transport of solutes and sediments, including both the laboratory and field scales. At the laboratory scale, he provided numerous approximations for solute transport accounting for effects of boundary conditions, linear and nonlinear reactions, and means to determine relevant parameters. Theory was extended to the field scale with, on the one hand, the effect of varying surface boundary conditions and, on the other, effects of soil structure heterogeneity. Soil erosion modeling, focusing on the Hairsine-Rose model, was considered in several papers. His main results, which provide highly usable approximations for grain-size class dependent sediment transport and deposition, are described. The connection between solute in the soil and that in overland flow was also investigated by Parlange. His theory on exchange of solutes between these two compartments, and subsequent movement, is presented. Both deterministic and stochastic approaches were considered, with application to microbial transport. Beyond contaminant transport, Parlange's fundamental contributions to the movement of solutes in hypersaline natural environments provided accurate predictions of vapor and liquid movement in desert, agricultural, and anthropogenic fresh-saline interfaces in porous media, providing the foundation for this area of research.

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Section: Sediment Transport In Overland Flow: the Hairsine-rose Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solute and sediment transport at laboratory and field scale: Contributions of J.-Y. Parlange

et al. 2013

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“…PSEM 2D, Plot Soil-Erosion Model 2D (Nord and Esteves, 2005;Esteves et al, 2000b), is a soil-erosion model dedicated to small experimental plots, typically of less than 100 m². Overland flow is described by the depth-averaged two-dimensional unsteady flow equations commonly referred to as the Saint-Venant equations (Zhang and Cundy, 1989 where S fx is the friction slope in the x direction (m m -1 ), S fy is the friction slope in the y direction (m m -1 ) and u x and u y are the velocity components in the x and y directions, respectively (m s -1 ).…”

Section: The Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cerdan et al (2002), for example, reported 10 t ha -1 of rill and gully erosion in a single month in a 94-ha catchment in Normandy (France) during the dramatic winter of 1999, while water erosion in the region is normally dominated by interrill processes. However and despite these observations, the dynamics of rill patterns, and the onset of rilling, are not taken into account in most soil-erosion models, with the noticeable exception of experimental models, such as RillGrow (Favis-Mortlock, 1998) or novel models in their preliminary versions, such as PSEM_2D (Nord and Esteves, 2005) or MAHLERAN (Wainwright et al, in review). The WEPP model, described by Gilley et al (1988), for example, assumes the rill density is one rill per metre transversally to the slope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and modelling of high-resolution flow-velocity data under simulated rainfall on a low-slope sandy soil

Tatard¹,

Planchon²,

Wainwright³

et al. 2008

Journal of Hydrology

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8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 AbstractThe study presented here is focussed on the question of the hydraulic nature of the threshold that allows a rill to start. A rainfall-simulation experiment was carried out to produce highresolution flow-velocity data. The experiment employed a 10 m × 4 m experimental plot with a 1 % slope, which had been previously eroded and had a small rill formed in the middle. The experiment consisted of a 2 h 15'-long rainfall at a constant intensity of 69 mm h -1 . Surface elevation was measured before rainfall at a horizontal resolution of 2.5 cm across, and 5 cm along the slope direction. During rainfall, flow velocities were measured at 68 locations on the plot with the Salt Velocity Gauge technology, an automated, miniaturized device based on the inverse modelling of the propagation of a salt plume. The experiment led to the collection of flow-velocity measurements which are novel in three ways: (i) the small size of the measured section, which was only 10-cm long and 1-cm wide, (ii) the wide range of measured flow velocities, which ranged from 0.006 m s -1 to 0.27 m s -1 and, (iii) the large number of measured locations.The flow-velocity field was simulated with three models: PSEM_2D solves the Saint-Venant equations in 2D, MAHLERAN uses a 1D kinematic wave in the slope direction coupled with a 2D flow-routing algorithm, and Rillgrow2, which involves an empirical runoff algorithm that is close in principle to the diffusion-wave equation in 2D. The Darcy-Weisbach friction factor (ff) and the infiltration parameters were calibrated in all cases to investigate the capabilities of the different models to reproduce flow hydraulics compatible with the onset of rilling. In a first 1 set of numerical experiments, ff was set uniform, and calibration used only the hydrograph. The comparison of simulated and observed flow-velocity field showed that PSEM_2D was the most satisfying model, at the cost of longer computational time. MAHLERAN gave surprisingly good results with regards to the simplicity of the model and its low computational needs. However, all models largely underestimated the highest velocity values, located in the rill. Furthermore, none of the models was able to simulate the Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers. The next numerical experiment was done with PSEM_2D. Non-uniform ff values were calibrated by fitting the simulated flow-velocity field to the observed one. The latter simulation produced realistic simulations of Re and Fr. The hydraulic conditions at the transition from interrill flow to rill flow are discussed. The results support the theory that supercritical flows are a necessary condition for a rill to emerge from a smooth surface.

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“…Numerous studies (e.g. Jetten et al 1999Jetten et al , 2003Tucker & Whipple 2002;Tucker 2004;Van Griensven et al 2006) applied sensitivity analysis on various erosion models such as MPSIAC (Behnam & Parehkar 2011), CREAM (Lane & Ferriera 1982), EUROSEM (Veihe & Quinton 2000), WEPP (Nearing et al 1990), PSEM-2D (Nord & Esteves 2005), USLE (Tattari & Bärlund 2001;Liu & Liu 2010), GUEST (Misra & Rose 1996), ANSWERS (De Roo et al 1989), etc. Furthermore, White and Chaubey (2005) used sensitivity analysis to identify the parameters that most influence predicted flow, sediment and nutrient outcomes for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion Potential Method (Gavrilović method) sensitivity analysis

Dragičević¹,

Karleuša²,

Ožanić³

2017

Soil Water Res.

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Dragičević N., Karleuša B., Ožanić N. (2017): Erosion Potential Method (Gavrilović method) sensitivity analysis. Soil & Water Res., 12: 51−59.In recent decades, various methods for erosion intensity and sediment production assessment have been developed. The necessity for better model performance has led to the more frequent application of the method sensitivity and uncertainty assessments in order to decrease errors that arise from the model concept and its main assumptions. The analysis presented in this paper refers to the application of the Gavrilović method (Erosion Potential Method), an empirical and semi-quantitative method that can estimate the amount of sediment production and sediment transport as well as the erosion intensity and indicate the areas potentially threatened by erosion. The emphasis in this paper is given upon the method sensitivity analysis that has not previously been conducted for the Gavrilović method. The sensitivity analysis was conducted for fourteen different parameters included in the method, all in relation to different model outputs. Each parameter was perceived and discussed individually in relation to its effect upon the method outputs, and ranked into categories depending on their influence on one or more model outputs. The objective of the analysis was to explore the constraints of the Gavrilović method and the method response to changes deriving from the each individual parameter in an attempt to provide a better understanding of the method, the weight and the contribution of each parameter in the overall method. The parameters that could potentially be used in future research, for method modification and calibration in areas with different catchment characteristics (e.g. climate, geological, etc.) were identified. The most sensitive model parameters resulting from conducted sensitivity analysis for the Gavrilović method are also those considered to be significant in the scientific literature on erosion. The Gavrilović method sensitivity analysis has been done on a case study for the Dubracina catchment area, Croatia.

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PSEM_2D: A physically based model of erosion processes at the plot scale

Cited by 55 publications

References 27 publications

Solute and sediment transport at laboratory and field scale: Contributions of J.-Y. Parlange

Solute and sediment transport at laboratory and field scale: Contributions of J.-Y. Parlange

Measurement and modelling of high-resolution flow-velocity data under simulated rainfall on a low-slope sandy soil

Erosion Potential Method (Gavrilović method) sensitivity analysis

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